Glossary

ABnormal ENDA serious software failure that halts (brings down) the server. Multitasking operating systems (like UNIX) allow other programs to continue running while only stopping the one causing trouble.

To terminate a process before it is completed.

A NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) that stops the process of synchronizing data between logical disk partitions.

Relating to file systems, the location of a directory or file that can be accessed regardless of the current working location of a user or program. Absolute paths are called that because they refer to the very specific location of a file, including the domain name. The absolute path to a Web element is also often referred to as the URL.

A high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a single device (generally a graphics card) to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots. (Also called Advanced Graphics Port.)

Short for Access Control right.

1. Extension of the conventional permission concept for files and directories. These allow a more fine-grained control of the access permissions.2. In eDirectory, an optional, multivalued property of every object. The ACL lists the objects (trustees) that can access the object, along with their explicit rights assignments. Each value contains a complete object (trustee) name, an indication of the type of rights held by the trustee, the specific rights settings, and an indication of whether the rights are inheritable. Any inherited rights filters that have been set on this object are also included.3. In Novell exteNd, the association of an access right with one or more principals. Called an ACL. You use ACLs to specify known users and groups that have a particular type of access to a particular element.4. In NetWare for SAA, a list of users or groups that have exclusive rights to a dedicated LU, OS/2 downstream PU, or LU pool. 5. In ZENworks OnDemand Services, an optional, multivalued property of every Novell eDirectory object. The ACL lists the objects (trustees) that can access the object, along with their explicit rights assignments.

A file system right that grants the ability to change the trustee assignments and inherited rights filter of a directory or file.

1. Determine whether a user or group can read, write to, or execute a file or directory. They are set by the system administrator or the owner of a file.2. In Linux, define to which user group a new user is assigned. The user receives permissions from the group assignment. The access permissions are generally set by the system administrator.

The data rate, in bits per second (bps), of the user access channel in a Frame Relay network. The speed of the access channel determines how fast (maximum rate) the end user can inject data into a Frame Relay network.

A pairing of an element and a permission (for example, a document and the READ permission). In an access control list (ACL), access rights are associated with users and groups.

Access Control ListExtension of the conventional permission concept for files and directories.

An eDirectory object that has been configured to allow or limit access to an application in ZENworks OnDemand Services.

The process of controlling access to parts of an application or to individual objects using access control lists (ACLs). The Security subsystem uses ACL-based security to control administrative access to subsystem objects. By default, a deployed exteNd Director project allows anyone to access security settings. To secure access, you first need to set a Locksmith user. The Content Management subsystem uses ACL-based security to restrict access to individual documents, folders, categories, and so on.

Advanced Configuration and Power InterfaceAn open industry specification co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix, and Toshiba that establishes industry-standard interfaces for OS-directed configuration and power management on laptops, desktops, and servers.See http://www.acpi.info/.

A word (such as GUI, DOS, or LAN) formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term. In information technology, people tend to use the term "TUCAA (The Ultimate Computer Acronyms Archive).You might also enjoy the Jargon File.">acronym" to refer to both acronyms and abbreviations (such as amt for amount).You can look up the meanings of computer-related acronyms at TUCAA (The Ultimate Computer Acronyms Archive).You might also enjoy the Jargon File.

An advanced, hierarchical directory service that is an integral part of the Microsoft Windows 2000 architecture. It is LDAP-compliant and built on the Internet.

A device that amplifies transmission signals in network topologies. Active hubs are used to add workstations to a network or to extend the cable distance between stations and the server.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, third-party synchronization software that transfers data between the ZENworks Handheld Management Desktop Sync and a Windows CE handheld device.

Also called official charter of IETF working group on MANET.)">Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (official charter of IETF working group on MANET.)">MANET). Describes an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over bandwidth-constrained wireless links for a wide range of purposes such as establishing survivable, efficient, dynamic communication for emergency/rescue operations, disaster relief efforts, and military networks.Such network scenarios cannot rely on centralized and organized connectivity, and can be conceived as applications of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks.(See the official charter of IETF working group on MANET at http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html.)

A feature of the Novell Multimedia Server component that adjusts the required bandwidth for multimedia features depending on the network conditions. It regulates the multimedia data being transferred to the workstation so that the congestion in the network minimally affects the performance of the multimedia files being played from the Multimedia Server.

A property right that grants a trustee the right to add or remove itself as a value of the property. This right is used only for properties that contain object names as values, such as lists of group members or mailing lists.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an archived collection of files that will be applied to an existing Windows installation on a target computer. The existing partitions and files on the target computer are left intact, except for any files that the add-on image might update.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, settings from multiple Windows Group policies are cumulatively effective, rather than individually. Settings from multiple Windows Group policies can affect users and workstations. Policies start with the local Windows Group policy settings and are applied in reverse of the policy search order. This means that a setting in a policy applied first has lowest priority and its value is overwritten by any other policy with the same setting.

In frame relay, the process of eliminating the All Stations Address and the Unnumbered Information fields from high-level data link control (HDLC) framing, on a per-data-link basis, so that unneeded overhead is reduced when low-bandwidth links are used.

1. In GroupWise, the field in an item where you type or place usernames or IDs.2. In NetWare, a frame field specifying a physical address in a LAN topology. It is comprised of the control and management fields, specifying the virtual circuit numbering or Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI), the flow control and the frame discard eligibility (DE).

An area of software memory that contains entries that map the IP address to the physical address.

A protocol in the Internet Protocol (IP) suite that enables a host to find the media access control (MAC) address of a target host on the same physical network when it knows only the target's IP address. ARP dynamically maps Internet addresses to MAC (hardware) addresses on local networks. It is limited to networks that support hardware broadcast.To create entries, the ARP broadcasts a request with the target's IP address. The target responds with its physical address. After the network board adds the physical address to its ARP table, it can then send packets to the target.

The record that a NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP) router keeps about the state of its connection with a neighbor and about the attributes of that neighbor.

A node connected to another node without intervening nodes.

In ZENworks, a legacy Microsoft policy editor (POLEDIT) template. Can be imported into Novell ConsoleOne and used to create User or Workstation extensible policies. Newer ADM templates can be imported into Group Policies and deployed in that manner.

The person who sets up a server, creates user login accounts and passwords, creates groups, sets security, and maintains the server.

The software that enables you to manage Microsoft Windows Installer (MSI) packages, including the ability to convert legacy-based installs, ZENworks AOT packages, and ZENworks AXT packages to MSI packages; customize MSI packages for your organization's varying needs; and automate creation of directory objects used for management and distribution of the MSI package.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineDelivers and receives information on current telephone lines at higher bandwidth speeds.

AppleTalk Data Stream ProtocolA symmetric, connection-oriented AppleTalk protocol that provides reliable, full-duplex, byte-stream service between sockets. It guarantees that data bytes are delivered in the same order as they were sent, and that they are free of duplicates.

An open industry specification co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix, and Toshiba that establishes industry-standard interfaces for OS-directed configuration and power management on laptops, desktops, and servers.See http://www.acpi.info/.

A high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a single device (generally a graphics card) to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots. (Also called Accelerated Graphics Port.)

An IBM version of the UNIX operating system.

A variant of Systems Network Architecture (SNA) that allows network nodes to exchange topology information dynamically, which leads to simplified parameter definitions.

http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/startupman/linux_suapmd.html.">Advanced Power Management or APM is the name given to the component in some operating systems (such as Windows 95) that works with the BIOS to control the power management features of the PC. For example, APM allows you to set parameters in the operating system to control when various power management features will be activated.The Linux APM Daemon is an advanced power management (APM) daemon and works in conjunction with the APM BIOS driver in the kernel. It can execute a command when certain events are reported by the driver.Most uses of this daemon will use the proxy command to support power conservation activities. This command is searched for in "/etc/apmd/apmd_proxy" and is invoked with one or two arguments.See http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/startupman/linux_suapmd.html.

A part of the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) protocol. APPC establishes the conditions that enable programs to communicate across the network. This capability, involving LU 6.2 and its associated protocols, allows two or more processes in an SNA network to communicate without involving a common host system or terminal emulation.

The packet-switched internetwork created by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the early 1970s. ARPANET later evolved into the Internet.

Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA), is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disk drives and CD-ROM drives inside personal computers. It is referred to in many ways, including abbreviations such as IDE, ATAPI, and UDMA. ATA standards only allow cable lengths in the range of 18 to 36 inches, so it is normally used as an internal computer storage interface. It is the most common and the least expensive interface for this application.

In ZENworks Server Management, an application that gathers and stores the trend data (historic data) for any parameter instrumented by an SNMP agent, if it is defined by a MIB variable and not just pre-configured MIB variables.

AppleTalk Filing ProtocolAn AppleTalk protocol that provides the rules for communication and data transmission between file servers and clients in an AppleShare network.

AppleTalk Filing Protocol serverA server that enables workstations to share files and programs using the AppleTalk protocol.

Short for "AFP Server object."

A leaf object in the eDirectory tree that represents an AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP) server. The AFP server enables workstations to share files and programs using the AppleTalk protocol.

In ZENworks Desktop Management and ZENworks Server Management, a feature that allows users on the managed workstations or servers to request the remote operators to remotely manage the machines and to troubleshoot problems.

Accelerated Graphics Port or Advanced Graphics PortA high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a single device (generally a graphics card) to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots.

asynchronous I/O; asynchronous input/outputIn NetWare, an I/O model in which processing overlaps input and output. This data transmission method uses start bits and stop bits to coordinate the flow of data so that the time intervals between individual characters do not need to be equal. Parity can be enabled to check the accuracy of the transmission.

Asynchronous Input/Output Packet Assembler/DisassemblerIn NetWare, a module that provides an AIO interface to an X.25 driver. It assembles data for asynchronous transmission using a synchronous protocol and then disassembles the data that has been transmitted. Using this module, remote workstations attached to a network can dial out to host computers and can dial in to network resources.

Asynchronous Input/Output Topology Support ModuleAn NLM that provides the interface between AIO and ISDN drivers.

Advanced Interactive ExecutiveAn IBM version of the UNIX operating system.

In ZENworks Server Management, configuration of the Alarm Management System to set the characteristics for each type of SNMP trap or proprietary alarm. The functions include launching applications, sending email notification, and forwarding SNMP traps to other network management systems.

In ZENworks Server Management, the component that alerts administrators to important events such as the SNMP traps, threshold alarms, network discovery events, and ping and connectivity testing faults occurring on the network. AMS provides a centralized location for processing and viewing the events and alarms generated by devices and systems throughout the network.

A real-time display of all alarms that are specific to remote access.

A display of all alarms that are specific to remote access and that have been logged to the database.

In ZENworks Server Management, a utility provided by the Alarm Management System (AMS) for automatic deletion of alarms.

In ZENworks Server Management, the screen display used for alarm information in ConsoleOne, including the Active Alarm view, Alarm History view, and Alarm Summary view.

A procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps, frequently involving repetition of an operation, as by a computer. Compressing data and creating lists of random numbers are examples of algorithms.

An eDirectory object that points to another object at a different location in the Novell Directory Services (NDS) tree. An Alias object allows a user to access an object outside of the user's normal working context.

Short for "All Properties rights."

In NetWare, a type of rights assignment that applies to all the properties of an object. A specific (individual) property rights assignment overrides an All Properties rights assignment, but only for the specific property. The All Properties rights assignment still applies to all the other properties.

The organization that sets the standards for many technical fields and provides the most common standard for computer terminals.

Character set and code described by the America National Standard Code for Information Interchange. Each this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.">ASCII character is encoded with seven bits. ASCII consists of both control and printable characters. These characters are the same as the first 128 characters of the ANSI character set.The Extended ASCII Character Set consists of 128 decimal numbers and ranges from 128 through 255, representing additional special, mathematical, graphic, and international characters --the elements vary with different computer manufacturers and with different languages.On this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.

Alarm Management SystemIn ZENworks Server Management, the component that alerts administrators to important events such as the SNMP traps, threshold alarms, network discovery events, and ping and connectivity testing faults occurring on the network. AMS provides a centralized location for processing and viewing the events and alarms generated by devices and systems throughout the network.

An implementation standard (ANSI T1.617) that addresses signaling and other network management functions.

A type of file transfer protocol. It allows website visitors to download information from a website without entering a username and password. Regular FTP, in contrast, requires a username and password. Anonymous FTP is useful if you plan to distribute software, images, PDF documents, or other types of files to your website visitors.Anonymous FTP allows the public to log in to an FTP server with a common login (usually "ftp" or "anonymous") and any password (usually the person's email address is used as the password). Anonymous FTP is beneficial for the distribution of large files to the public, avoiding the need to assign large numbers of login and password combinations for FTP access.

American National Standards InstituteThe organization that sets the standards for many technical fields and provides the most common standard for computer terminals.

America Online's open source web server. AOLserver is multithreaded, Tcl-enabled, and used for large-scale, dynamic web sites.

An open source HTTP web server. Apache runs on all major platforms and is capable of hosting even the most complex Web sites and can scale to handle thousands of simultaneous connections.For information on how to install, configure, and manage the click here.">Apache Web Server on NetWare using Apache Manager, click here.

application programming interfaceA set of functions, procedures, values, or other defined interface standards that an application uses to request and carry out services performed by another program or by an operating system. A single API typically specifies how input should be requested and obtained, and how output should be done.

1. A small application that performs a specific task.2. Short for "Java applet": small Java programs that are application-oriented rather than server-oriented. Java applets can be embedded in an HTML page and executed by a browser without waiting for server processing. This means that Java applets are particularly useful for processing intensive or time-sensitive elements of a Web page, such as multimedia, animation, or user-interactive forms.

A networking protocol developed by Apple Computer for communication between Apple Computer products and other computers. This protocol is independent of the network layer on which it runs.

A diagnostic console utility that provides access to statistics and information about the status of various components of the AppleTalk protocol. ATCON uses SNMP to access this information from the local system.

A symmetric, connection-oriented Apple Talk