Glossary

Abbreviation for "balanced tree."A compact structure that allows the Novell Storage Services (NSS) system to retrieve an object from disk in no more than four I/O cycles. B-trees also allow the system to locate an object anywhere in storage without loading the entire directory entry table (DET) into memory.

The primary connectivity mechanism of a hierarchical distributed system. It ensures that all systems that have connectivity to an intermediate system on the backbone have connectivity to one another.

In Linux/UNIX, a process that runs without monopolizing the shell. A command that initiates a background process is referred to as a background command or a command run in the background. To run a command in the background, append a space and ampersand (&) to the end of the command.

A NetWare server that has a storage device and a storage device controller attached.

A system that is compatible with (e.g. can share data with) earlier versions of itself, or with other earlier systems, particularly systems it intends to supplant.A new version of a program is said to be backward compatible if it can use files and data created with an older version of the same program. A backward-compatible word processor, for instance, allows you to edit documents created with a previous version of the program.

The notification from the frame relay network to indicate that the network experienced congestion when the packet forwarding direction was reversed.

On the Internet, a hypertext link from the current page back to any page containing a link to the current page.

In frame relay, the capacity in an individual virtual circuit to burst above the committed information rate (CIR); also known as dynamic allocation of bandwidth.

1. The first page of a print job that supplies information about a print job, such as the name of the user who initiated the job, and the time and date of printing.2. In the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), a field in the Print dialog box for specifying the text that is sent to the print command to be used as the title of the print job.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an image of the base Windows operating system prepared to replace the contents of the target computer's hard disk. Also called the workstation image.

The built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk. On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions.The BIOS is typically placed in a ROM chip that comes with the computer (it is often called a ROM BIOS). This ensures that the BIOS will always be available and will not be damaged by disk failures. It also allows a computer to boot itself.

An executable file containing a sequence of several commands that are carried out in turn when the file is run. A DOS batch file has a .bat extension.

In serial communication, the speed at which a signal changes when data is transmitted asynchronously from one digital device to another, such as over a modem or between a computer and printer.

Blind copy recipients (Bcc) receive a copy of an item. Other recipients receive no information about blind copies. Only the sender and the blind copy recipient know that a blind copy was sent. If a recipient replies and chooses Reply to All, the blind copy recipient does not receive the reply.

bilateral closed user groupA virtual private network, consisting of two data terminals, within a larger open network. The pair of terminals are configured to share unrestricted access with each other, but access to or by any other data terminal in the open network is not possible.

A companion class for a custom condition or action that specifies the appearance of properties in its property panel.

Backward Explicit Congestion NotificationThe notification from the frame relay network to indicate that the network experienced congestion when the packet forwarding direction was reversed.

In ZENworks Server Management, a policy that holds a set of rules to be followed in certain situations. The policy engine carries out these rules, along with any of its supporting modules. For example, the Server Down Process policy defines criteria that must be met before the server can be brought down.

An implementation of the Domain Name System (DNS) protocols which provides an openly redistributable reference implementation of the major components of the Domain Name System.The BIND DNS Server is used on the vast majority of name serving machines on the Internet, providing a robust and stable architecture on top of which an organization's naming architecture can be built. The resolver library included in the BIND distribution provides the standard APIs for translation between domain names and Internet addresses and is intended to be linked with applications requiring name service.

A virtual private network, consisting of two data terminals, within a larger open network. The pair of terminals are configured to share unrestricted access with each other, but access to or by any other data terminal in the open network is not possible.

1. The name of the number system in which there are only zeros and ones. This is important to computers because all computer data is ultimately a series of zeros and ones, and thus can be represented by binary numbers.2. Data that is not meant to be intepreted through a common character set (like this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.">ASCII). Pure binary data is typically 8-bit data. Transferring a binary file through ASCII channels without prior modification will result in corruption and loss of data. Binary data can be turned into ASCII data via uucoding or bcoding.

An application that makes calls to the NetWare bindery. eDirectory supports bindery applications with bindery services.

The container object in the eDirectory tree that enables eDirectory to provide network information to servers and programs that depend on using the NetWare bindery.

A relative position within the eDirectory tree where bindery services are in effect. This position depends upon how the eDirectory tree was set up.

A leaf object placed in the Novell Directory Services (NDS) tree during an upgrade or migration from an earlier version of NetWare. Usually, NDS cannot identify the specific object, and bindery-based clients must access it with older NetWare utilities by using bindery services.

A leaf object in the eDirectory tree that represents a print queue. The object is placed in the eDirectory tree during a migration or upgrade from a previous version of NetWare. eDirectory cannot identify such objects, so they must be accessed using older NetWare utilities.

An eDirectory feature that creates bindery context, allowing bindery-based servers, clients, and utilities to coexist on an eDirectory network. In bindery services, eDirectory simulates a flat (nonhierarchical) structure for the objects within a container object. Only the leaf objects of the container are represented in this structure, creating limitations for bindery services users that other eDirectory users do not have.

Novell Modular Authentication ServicesBiological measurements of the eyes, voice, fingerprints, and face used for logging in and authenticating to the network.

System BIOSThe part of a computer's memory that makes it possible for the computer to boot itself after the computer is turned on, without accessing programs from a disk. This essential procedure is complete when the boot menu appears on the screen.

The rate at which bits (binary digits) are transmitted over a communications line. Bit rate is usually expressed in bits per second (bps).

In ZENworks Handheld Management, the software which manages devices that use the BlackBerry wireless platform.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy used to change the configuration of associated BlackBerry devices, including the owner name for the device and any additional information that should be included. This policy is contained in the Handheld and Handheld User packages.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, any handheld device running Research In Motion (RIM) OS 2.1 and newer. Handheld Management supports BlackBerry 850/857 devices using the DataTAC 3rdParty network and 950/957 devices using the Mobitex 3rdParty network.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a feature that disables a BlackBerry device that might be lost or stolen. After the device is locked, no applications can run on the device other than ZENworks Handheld Management, which can be used to unlock the device.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy used to enable the collection of hardware and software inventory from associated BlackBerry devices. This policy is contained in the Handheld and Handheld User packages.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy used to ensure that a password is set on associated BlackBerry devices. This policy is contained in the Handheld and Handheld User packages.

The division of partially used disk blocks into smaller, 512-byte blocks. Block suballocation allows the last part of several files to share one disk block rather than using one disk block for each file, thus using disk space more efficiently.

A system used frequently in search engines and directories for searching and retrieving information using and combining terms such as AND, OR, and NOT for the purpose of sorting data."Boolean logic" is used to restrict an informational or statistical search to certain parameters. Boolean characters can be helpful when searching the Internet. For example, searching for "healthcare agency" produces more than 4 million matches, or all entries that contain either "healthcare" or "agency." But a search for "healthcare & agency" locates only the matches that contain both words, significantly limiting the results.

In the NetWare operating system, the directory where the server.exe file is stored. Executing server.exe starts (boots) the server operating system.

A diskette that contains the parts of an operating system needed to start the operating system. You can use it to boot your computer.

A file, such as autoexec.bat or config.sys, that starts up a computer by loading its operating system and drivers, setting environment variables, and handling other initialization tasks.

Loads a program by initializing program/data memory from either a serial or parallel port. Convenient for prototyping.

The partition mounted on the /boot directory that contains the operating system kernel, as well as files used during the boot process. The boot partition can be (but does not have to be) the same as the system partition. Both a primary partition and a logical drive in an extended partition can be used as a boot partition.

In a NetWare diskless workstation, the configuration file that is used by Remote Reset to determine which remote boot image file to use to boot the operating system and access the network.

Bootstrap ProtocolA TCP/IP protocol that enables an internet node (for example, a diskless workstation) to discover certain start-up information, such as its IP address.

An Internet host or router that passes BOOTP messages between BOOTP clients and BOOTP servers. Because the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is designed to use the same relay agent behavior as specified in the BOOTP protocol specification, a BOOTP relay agent also passes DHCP messages between DHCP clients and DHCP servers.

The Bootstrap Protocol allows a host to configure itself dynamically at boot time. This protocol provides three services:

• IP address assignment
• Detection of the IP address for a serving machine
• The name of a file to be loaded and executed by the client machine

This protocol is the basis for DHCP. It allows a client computer to receive an IP address from a BootP server without having a static IP address defined beforehand on the client machine.

Any NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) that is part of the server.exe file, which is the core of the NetWare operating system.

The standard shell (`/bin/sh') on UNIX and UNIX-like systems, originally written by Steven R. Bourne. Many shells (Bash, ksh, pdksh, zsh) are generally upwardly compatible with the Bourne shell.

In ZENworks Server Management, the service that gathers details about bridges and switches so an accurate map of the network can be built.

An eDirectory object associated with Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS) that represents broker.nlm and provides three network support services not previously available in NetWare:

• Service Registry Service (SRS)
• Event Notification Service (ENS)
• Resource Management Service (RMS)

1. Software used to explore or navigate. For example, a Web browser (such as Firefox or Internet Explorer) allows a user to access pages on the World Wide Web; a NetWare Administrator browser window allows a user to access the eDirectory tree. Web browsers with a particular encryption capability called Secure Socket Layer (SSL) are sometimes called SSL browsers.2. In the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) Application Builder, a window that provides a symbolic, hierarchical view of a module in a user interface. The browser shows parent-child relationships and groups. It can also be used to find objects in complex modules and to edit a user interface.

A key-indexed record management system used in NetWare 3.0 and later that allows the user to access, update, create, delete, or save records in a database. Btrieve consists of several programs that can run in either a client-based or server-based version.

A temporary storage location in memory where data can be held for processing. A buffer can be used to hold data in an area where it can be easily accessed. It is often used to compensate for differences in data-flow rates (for example, between a terminal and its transmission line). A buffer can also be used as a backup mechanism, holding data that can then be retransmitted if an error is detected during transmission.

A condition in which a program receives an end-of-data error before it has received and read enough bytes to return the information that was requested. This usually occurs when the requested data is corrupted.

A device I/O interrupt used by such devices as disk or LAN drivers.

The linear LAN used by Ethernet networks.

A set of procedures that define how a business does its work. It has well-defined starting and ending points and can be a combination of manual, partially automated, or completely automated tasks. Workflow is the computer automation of a business process.

Contraction of BinarY digiT Eight, a unit of storage capable of holding a single character. A byte is equal to 8 bits. Computer storage space is measured in bytes. A Kilobyte (or 1 K) represents 1024 bytes and a Megabyte (1 Mb) represents one thousand kilobytes, or one million bytes. For example, a computer that has 256 KB main memory can store approximately 256,000 bytes (or characters) in memory at one time. Kilobyte is usually abbreviated as K or KB. A megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes, but it is often used loosely as a synonym for one million bytes. Megabyte is frequently abbreviated as M or MB. A gigabyte is equal to 1,024 megabytes.Gigabyte is often abbreviated as G or GB.