Glossary

1. (verb) To hold data in a temporary storage area, such as in RAM. The data can be accessed more quickly from RAM than from the hard disk.2. (noun) A quickly accessible area of RAM or a directory or a disk that stores frequently used information.3. (noun) On the Web, refers to the area where the browser stores downloaded graphics on the user's computer. That way, when the user has to reload the graphics, the browser retrieves it from the computer faster than ite would reloading the graphics from the Internet.

A block of NetWare server memory (RAM) that temporarily stores data.

The amount of memory available for use by the operating system after the server.exe file has been loaded into memory.

A successful search for data in a memory cache.

Available random access memory (RAM) that NetWare uses to improve NetWare server access time. Cache memory allocates memory for the hash table, the FAT, the Turbo FAT, suballocation tables, the directory cache, a temporary data storage area for files and NLM programs, and available memory for other functions.

NAL cacheIn ZENworks Desktop Management, a hidden directory (nalcache) that Novell Application Launcher creates on the root of the Windows drive. The cache directory contains subdirectories for each application associated with the workstation's user. For example, c:nalcachenovell_tree.app1.apps.novell and c:nalcachenovell_tree.app2.apps.novell. These subdirectories contain the information used by Novell Application Launcher (NAL) to install, launch, verify, and uninstall applications while the user is disconnected from Novell eDirectory.

A server that has no database; it must query other name servers to obtain information. After a cache-only server receives information for a query, it caches the information and can respond to subsequent queries (for the same information) without querying other name servers.

A method of protecting against unauthorized access into a system by inbound remote calls.

A software module that works in tandem with the call support layer (CSL). The CCA contains wide area network (WAN) media-specific connection management logic.

The NetWare utility used to monitor the status of the WAN connections or to start and stop WAN calls manually.

In X.25, a type of control packet sent to data terminal equipment (DTE) to request initiation of a virtual call.

The software module that provides a general-purpose interface for controlling wide area network (WAN) calls. Call control refers to a set of actions taken to establish, maintain, and disconnect a WAN connection.

The NetWare utility used to monitor the status of the wide area network (WAN) connections or to start and stop WAN calls manually.

Short for "Can't Compress attribute."

A file system attribute indicating that a file can't be compressed because of insignificant space savings. It is shown in attribute listings but can't be set by users.

A NetWare command line utility used to print to a network printer from an application that is not designed to run on a network. CAPTURE can also print screen displays and save data to a network file.

In ZENworks Server Management, software that enables the system administrator to collect packets in order to analyze traffic in a particular LAN segment, using the Novell LANalyzer Agent or the standard RMON Agent.

A program or function that differentiates between capital and non-capitalized letters or words. Something that is not case sensitive would view 'novell' and 'Novell' as the same word. A case sensitive program would see two different words.

1. Compatible Communications Architecture2. Computer Corporation of America3. common cryptographic architecture4. communications control architecture5. call control agent: A software module that works in tandem with the call support layer (CSL). The CCA contains wide area network (WAN) media-specific connection management logic.

compact disc read-only memoryA computer storage medium which can store large amounts of information; generally used to distribute software or multi-media for use on computers with CD-ROM drives. CD-ROM disks look just like music CDs and cannot be altered by a user. Most CD-ROMs can store 650 megabytes of data.A single CD-ROM has the storage capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages. CD-ROMs are stamped by the vendor, and once stamped, they cannot be erased and filled with new data. To read a CD, you need a CD-ROM player. All CD-ROMs conform to a standard size and format, so you can load any type of CD-ROM into any CD-ROM player. In addition, CD-ROM players are capable of playing audio CDs, which share the same technology. CD-ROMs are particularly well-suited to information that requires large storage capacity. This includes large software applications, graphics, sound, and especially video.

custom device module1. The driver component in the NetWare Peripheral Architecture (NPA) used to drive specific storage devices attached to the host adapter.2. code division multiplexing

The most powerful microprocessor chip in your computer. The actual CPU is about 1.5 inches square, yet it is the most critical part of the computer. Having a fast CPU (measured in MegaHertz) greatly aids in the overall speed of your computer.Sometimes the term CPU is used to describe the whole box that contains the chip (along with the motherboard, expansion cards, disk drives, power supply, and so on). In this sense, it comprises the part of the computer apart from the monitor, keyboard, and mouse.Sometimes referred to as the heart or the brains of a traditional computer. The CPU coordinates all activity in the machine by following a precise set of instructions--the software.

The cache on your CPU is an expensive, high-speed piece of memory, which is used to speed up the memory retrieval process. Due to its expense, CPUs come with a relatively small amount of cache compared with the main system memory.The extremely fast memory in CPU cache stores any data that is frequently accessed and also, if possible, the data that is around it. This achieves the quickest possible response time to the CPU. Otherwise, every time the CPU requested data, it would send a request to the main memory which would then be sent back across the memory bus to the CPU. This can be a slow process.

Conference Europeenne des Postes et des Telecommunications (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration)The association of the European Post, Telephone, and Telegraph agencies (PTT) that recommends communication specifications to the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). This governing body created the facility used to transport 30 voice channels at 64 Kbs (for a total of 2.048 Mbps); also known as "E1."

An entity that issues the digital certificates used in public-key cryptography and attests to the identity of the person or organization to whom it issues the digital certificates. For example, a company may issue certificates to its employees, a university to its students, or a town to its citizens. Also called certificate authority or certifying authority.

1. Common Gateway Interface: A standard for how a Web server communicates with external programs. CGI specifies how to pass arguments to the executing program as part of the HTTP request and defines a set of environment variables. Commonly, the program generates HTML that is passed back to the browser, but it can also request redirection to a different URL. This interfacing allows for interactive sites instead of just static text and images.2. color graphics interface

An inbound call protection method that enables the receiving node to issue a challenge sequence that must be modified by the caller to use a "secret" known by both peer nodes.

An Advanced Program-to-Program Communication (APPC) verb used to perform session-related operations.

A digital signal processing device used to connect an external digital channel (such as a T-1, DDS, or Switched 56 line) to a multiplexer or to another device that produces a digital signal (such as a digital PBX or a PC).At the customer's end of the telephone connection, CSUs perform much the same function for digital circuits that modems provide for analog connections. A CSU performs certain line-coding, line-conditioning, equalization, and monitoring functions, including transmit and receive filtering, signal shaping, longitudinal balance, voltage isolation, and remote loopback testing for digital transmission.

Describes devices attached to a controller by cables, rather than by telecommunication lines.

Challenge Handshake Authentication ProtocolAn inbound call protection method that enables the receiving node to issue a challenge sequence that must be modified by the caller to use a "secret" known by both peer nodes.

A data storage or transfer device that manipulates data in increments of a single character; for example, a terminal. Contrast with block device.

In serial communication, the number of bits used to form a character.

The letters, numbers, and characters a computer uses for display and printing. Alphabet-based languages, such as English, usually have a character set of 256 symbols (the number of combinations one byte can hold). Unicode, with 16 bits, has a possible character set of 65,536 symbols.

The number that is subtracted from a NetWare user's account balance for a unit of service. For example, a charge rate of 2/3 for connection time means that 2 is subtracted from the user's account balance for every 3 minutes of connection time.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, a distribution download mechanism used by Novell Application Launcher (NAL) while the user is connected to eDirectory through a remote connection. If an application download is postponed or interrupted, the download is resumed at the point where it left off, not at the beginning.

The numeric computation that combines the bits of a transmitted message; also the resulting value. The value is transmitted with the message; the receiver recalculates the checksum and compares it to the received value to detect transmission errors.

In the AS/400 system, a command used to change network attributes.

In the Content Management subsystem, a document that is associated with one parent document. An example of a child document is a reply in a discussion thread. Each reply is a response to only one other discussion item in the thread.

A Virtual Loadable Module (VLM) that receives calls from and returns calls to a parent VLM. A child VLM handles a particular implementation of a logical grouping of functionality. For example, each of the following is a child VLM of NWP.VLM: - BIND.VLM for NetWare 2 and 3 bindery servers- NDS.VLM for NetWare 4 NDS servers- PNW.VLM for Personal NetWare (NetWare desktop)

The simultaneous pressing of two or more buttons or keys on an input device such as a keyboard or mouse that produces one set action.

Common Internet File SystemA protocol that lets programs make requests for files and services on remote computers on the Internet. CIFS uses the client/server programming model. A client program makes a request of a server program (usually in another computer) for access to a file or to pass a message to a program that runs in the server computer. The server takes the requested action and returns a response. CIFS is a public or open variation of the Server Message Block Protocol developed and used by Microsoft.

Common Information ModelAn approach to system and network management defined by the Distributed Management Task Force. CIM describes the components of a managed computing and networking environment using an object-oriented modeling approach. In ZENworks Server Management and ZENworks Desktop Management, it is used to define the Inventory database schema.

1. A collection of class definitions used to represent managed objects that occur in every management environment.2. In ZENworks Desktop Management and ZENworks Server Management, an approach to system and network management that is used to apply object-oriented structuring and conceptualization techniques to the Inventory database. The Inventory database schema in ZENworks is based on the CIM schema.

committed information rateThe rate, in bits per second, at which a network offering frame relay services (FRS) agrees to transfer data on a particular virtual circuit under normal operating conditions. The rate is averaged over a minimum increment of time.

A procedure for establishing a connection between two end devices. Once established, the connection uses a nonsharable path through the network.

In X.25, a type of control packet sent to a data terminal equipment (DTE) to request the termination of a virtual call.

A password that has not been encrypted. In contrast, ciphertext is data that has been encrypted.

A control signal generated by data communications equipment (DCE) to indicate that it can transmit data.

1. command line interpreter: The main interface between a user and a computer. A CLI accepts commands and then performs functions.2. call level interface: A database standard, as in SQL/CLI.3. Common Layer Interface: A layer in the Novell Storage Services (NSS) software architecture that provides naming, object, and management services. The CLI layer defines the interfaces that Semantic Agents use to access the object engine layer.4. Compression Labs, Inc.: A vendor for video conference equipment.

C-LibraryThe dynamically loaded Runtime NetWare C library that provides an interface to the NetWare operating system.

A network having at least one personal computer configured as a server. The server runs the client/server network operating system and controls communication and shared network resources. The clients are workstations that are connected to the network and are running client software.

Novell ClientNovell software that provides basic connectivity and access to NetWare network resources for workstations. Additionally, it provides advanced networking services such as rapid data transfer, file and print management, and access to eDirectory.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, the lack of dependence on the Novell Client for workstations to authenticate to eDirectory.

A method of time synchronization of communication information.

A facility that allows the configuration of virtual private networks within a larger public network. It allows a user to collect data terminal equipment (DTEs) into a single logical group, and restricts the ability of the group to receive or make outgoing calls to the restricted "open" portion of the network. The number of CUGs is network-dependent. A single DTE can belong to one or more CUGs.

A dynamic group of nodes that comprise the current cluster, which is updated when nodes leave or join the cluster.

A NetWare application, service, or volume that has been set up for high availability by being configured to work with Novell Cluster Services.

A server that is connected to a shared storage device and is running Novell Cluster Services software.

A volume on shared storage or a shared disk system.

A specialized location-transparent cluster resource that provides access to NetWare file services.

In ZENworks Server Management, a shared volume for which a Volume Resource object has been created in eDirectory.

A volume on shared storage that has been set up as a cluster resource, with its own IP address and load and unload scripts.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, being able to install the Desktop Management services in a Novell Cluster Services environment; if the cluster volume goes down, an interruption in services will occur while the cluster fails over.

Continuous Media File SystemA disk storage system used by the NetWare MultiMedia Server component that provides Disk QoS on the NetWare server. This allows multiple file accesses, delivering data at a guaranteed rate while sharing a single disk drive.

complementary metal oxide semiconductorA technology for making integrated circuits, widely used for processors and memory because it minimizes power needed for operation. The term is loosely used to refer to the CMOS RAM in a PC.

complementary metal oxide semiconductor random access memoryA small, battery-backed memory bank in a personal computer used to contain the PC's configuration information (time, date, and system information, such as drive types). CMOS RAM is memory made of CMOS chips, which, because of their low power requirements, are increasingly being used for main memory in portable computers.

Content Management System Administration ConsoleA Web application for setting up and maintaining a document management infrastructure and creating, editing, securing, and publishing HTML and XML content for your portal applications. The CMSAC uses the services of the Content Management subsystem.

Change Number of StationsAn Advanced Program-to-Program Communication (APPC) verb used to perform session-related operations.

A table that lists the possible combinations for a character set used by a computer. For example, a DOS code page that defines the extended this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.">ASCII character set consists of 256 character combinations, using an 8-bit code. Unicode, using a 16-bit code, allows up to 65,536 unique characters. Separate code pages apply to different languages.

communications portA connection device between a computer and another component, such as a printer or modem. A COM port is a serial port, meaning that information is transmitted through it 1 bit at a time.

Instructions that show how to type a command at the keyboard; also called syntax. In NetWare manuals, a command format may include constants, variables, and symbols.

A space provided directly on the screen where users type specific commands, rather than execute commands through graphical selections, such as menus and buttons. In Linux, you open a shell prompt, which generally displays a $ at the end, and type commands at the command line. An example of a command line is the area next to the DOS prompt on a personal computer.

An argument to a command that modifies its function rather than providing data. Options generally start with "-" in UNIX or "/" in MS-DOS. This is usually followed by a single letter or occasionally a digit.Some commands require each option to be a separate argument, introduced by a new "-" or "/", others allow multiple option letters to be concatenated into a single argument with a single "-" or "/", e.g. "ls -al". A few UNIX commands (such as ar and tar) allow the "-" to be omitted. Some options may or must be followed by a value (for example, "cc prog.c -o prog"), sometimes with and sometimes without an intervening space.

The maximum number of data bits that a network agrees to transfer under typical conditions over a measured time interval.

The rate, in bits per second, at which a network offering frame relay services (FRS) agrees to transfer data on a particular virtual circuit under normal operating conditions. The rate is averaged over a minimum increment of time.

A standard for how a Web server communicates with external programs. CGI specifies how to pass arguments to the executing program as part of the HTTP request and defines a set of environment variables. Commonly, the program generates HTML that is passed back to the browser, but it can also request redirection to a different URL. This interfacing allows for interactive sites instead of just static text and images.

An approach to system and network management defined by the Distributed Management Task Force. CIM describes the components of a managed computing and networking environment using an object-oriented modeling approach. In ZENworks Server Management and ZENworks Desktop Management, it is used to define the Inventory database schema.

A protocol that lets programs make requests for files and services on remote computers on the Internet. CIFS uses the client/server programming model. A client program makes a request of a server program (usually in another computer) for access to a file or to pass a message to a program that runs in the server computer. The server takes the requested action and returns a response. CIFS is a public or open variation of the Server Message Block Protocol developed and used by Microsoft.

A layer in the Novell Storage Services (NSS) software architecture that provides naming, object, and management services. The CLI layer defines the interfaces that semantic agents use to access the object engine layer.

A freely distributable collection of tools and drivers that allow UNIX and UNIX-compatible operating systems to control printer devices, manage print queues, and process print requests.CUPS provides a portable printing layer for UNIX-based operating systems. It has been developed by Easy Software Products to promote a standard printing solution for all UNIX vendors and users. CUPS provides the System V and Berkeley command-line interfaces.

An area in the NetWare server's memory that is set aside to temporarily hold data packets arriving from clients.

A convention or set of rules used by a program or operating system to communicate between two or more endpoints. Although many different communication protocols are used, they all allow information to be packaged, sent from a source, and delivered to a destination system.

A machine directly attached to a hos