Glossary

delivery confirmation bitA component of a user packet. If set to 1, it specifies that an end-to-end acknowledgment is sent by the receiving data terminal equipment (DTE) to the sending DTE. This acknowledges the receipt of a complete packet sequence. If set to 0, it specifies local delivery acknowledgment.

A Web application for administrative tasks such as configuring parameters; managing security access to portal objects; inspecting components, pages, and styles; and managing user profiles. The DAC uses the services of the Portal subsystem. The DAC provides a simple point of access for administration. When you launch the DAC, you have access to all administration tools:* Portal Management* Portlet Management* User Profile Management* General Configuration* Security Management* Directory Management* Content Management* Workflow Administration

A networking program that performs a housekeeping or maintenance utility function without being called by the user. A daemon sits in the background and is activated only when needed.For example, the update daemon wakes up every thirty seconds or so to flush the buffer cache, and the sendmail daemon awakes whenever someone sends mail. As another example, the HTTP daemon (httpd) answers HTTP requests.The Linux operating system uses a large number of daemons.Generally pronounced DEE-muhn.

Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyThe U.S. government agency that funded the ARPANET, which was the forerunner of the Internet created during the cold war. ARPANET was designed by its founders to be a military command and control center that could withstand nuclear attack.ARPANET's founders designed it so that authority was distributed over a large number of geographically dispersed computers. This concept of a computer network with distributed authority is the basis of the Internet. Theoretically, if 90% of the Internet were destroyed by nuclear attack, the remaining servers would be able to continue on.

In asynchronous transmission, any of the bits that actually comprise the data. Usually, 7 or 8 bits are grouped together.Serial communication sends information in a stream of bits called a frame. Each frame consists of a start bit, data bits, an optional parity bit, and a stop bit. The parity bit is set to 0 or 1 so that the sum of the data bits is even or odd.

1. A variant of "data communications equipment."

Any communications device that establishes, maintains, and terminates the connection with another device.In the RS-232-C standard developed by Electronic Industries Association, the two types of devices are data terminal equipment (DTE), typically personal computers or data terminals, and data communications equipment (DCE), typically modems and printers. They are differentiated by their wiring of pins 2 and 3.NetWare Link/X.25 requires a DTE/DCE pair to operate.

A method of reducing the amount of data used to represent the original information by eliminating redundancy, such as repeated characters or data sequences.

A descriptor in XML format, used with the Content Management System Administration Console (CMSAC), that configures the export process and specifies which documents and infrastructural elements to export from your repository. Use of the data export descriptor (DED) is optional.

The part of a Macintosh file that contains information (data) specified by the user. A Macintosh file contains two parts, the data fork and the resource fork.

A descriptor in XML format, used with the Content Management System Administration Console (CMSAC), that configures the import process and specifies where to place the imported folders and documents in your repository. If you are working with content that has been previously exported through the PMC, a data import descriptor will be present in the export archive. If you are creating your import data outside the PMC, you must supply the data import descriptor (DID).

ZENworks Data ManagementThe ZENworks capability, powered by Novell iFolder, that allows users to save files to a network storage location so they can be accessed and coordinated from multiple locations inside and outside the network.

The transfer of inactive data from a NetWare volume to tape, optical disk, or other near-line or offline storage media. Data migration lets an administrator move data to a storage device, while NetWare still sees the data as residing on the volume.

A system for moving files from the volume to a storage device.

A means of ensuring that data on the network is safe. NetWare protects data primarily by maintaining duplicate file directories and by redirecting data from bad blocks to reliable blocks on the NetWare server's hard disk.

The speed at which data bits are transmitted and received. The data rate is usually measured in bits per second (bps).

A compilation of related information. Data sets can contain different items, depending on which target service agent (TSA) they are related to.

A sequence of bytes. This term is used rather than "file" to describe a byte sequence that is only a portion of a file. A single file can have multiple streams of data associated with it. The various data streams can be opened and read independently of each other. The primary data stream of a file is directly associated with the file object itself. All data files, by default, have a primary data stream. All additional secondary data streams are identified by a unicode data stream name which further qualifies the file name. A NULL data stream name identifies the primary data stream. An example of a data stream would be the Macintosh Resource Fork, "MAC_RF", which is a separate stream of data (containing icons) that is associated with a Macintosh file. There are two name types supported for data streams. The data stream names follow the naming semantics used by Windows 95/98/NT.

Any communications device that receives signals from data communications equipment (DCE) devices in a packet-switched network.In the RS-232-C standard developed by Electronic Industries Association, the two types of communications devices are data terminal equipment (DTE), typically personal computers or data terminals, and data communications equipment (DCE), typically modems and printers. They are differentiated by their wiring of pins 2 and 3.

The 10-bit routing address of the virtual circuit at either the User-Network Interface (UNI) or the Network-Network Interface (NNI). It allows the user and network management to identify the frame as being from a particular permanent virtual circuit (PVC). The DLCI is used for multiplexing several PVCs over one physical link.

Protocols, used by nodes on a data link, that govern the exchange of packet information, including destination address, source address, and control information.

In the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) model, the layer that consists of the link stations that schedule data transfer over a link between two nodes and that perform error control for the link.

The second of seven layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. The data-link layer is involved in packaging and addressing information, and in controlling the flow of separate transmissions over communication lines.

A collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific purpose. (A telephone book is a common database.) A computerized database is an updated, organized file of machine readable information that is rapidly searched and retrieved by computer.The term database is often erroneously referred to as a synonym for a database management system (DBMS). They are not equivalent. A database is a store of data that describe entities and the relationships between the entities. A database management system is the software mechanism for managing that data.

In ZENworks Server Management, a supplement to the discovery system. Sometimes auto-discovery might not discover devices on your network, or might display incorrect information of the devices on your network. You can use Database Object Editor to add the missing entities into the database or to edit incorrect information of the entities.

A pageflow that gives the user a way to find, display, and modify records in a database. exteNd Director provides the Database Page Flow Wizard to help you create database pageflows. The Database pageflow Wizard generates a set of forms (XHTML pages that use XForms technology) as well as one or more pageflow processes that tie the forms together into a simple database application. This application provides a convenient and easy-to-use interface for accessing one or more database tables.

In ZENworks Desktop Management and ZENworks Server Management, a server where the Inventory or Management and Monitoring Services database is running. The database can run on an Inventory or a Management Site server or on a different server.

A data transmission packet used in connectionless mode communication. Datagrams are independent of each other in that the receiver is able to reconstitute a message without any dependency on the order in which packets are received. In general, datagrams are not acknowledged.

An AppleTalk protocol that provides best-effort socket-to-socket delivery of datagrams across an AppleTalk internet.

The AT&T four-wire, digital communications service that operates at speeds from 2,400 bps to 56 Kbps on a point-to-point connection.

1. data circuit-terminating equipment: A variant of "data communications equipment."2. data communications equipment: Any communications device that establishes, maintains, and terminates the connection with another device.In the RS-232-C standard developed by Electronic Industries Association, the two types of devices are data terminal equipment (DTE), typically personal computers or data terminals, and data communications equipment (DCE), typically modems and printers. They are differentiated by their wiring of pins 2 and 3. NetWare Link/X.25 requires a DTE/DCE pair to operate.3. distributed computing environment: An architecture or integrated set of services, originally developed by Open Software Foundation (OSF), Inc. DCE enables engineers to develop distributed applications to be used on heterogeneous networks. After OSF requested distributed computing technology from industry partners, DCE was augmented by several established technologies from Digital Equipment Corporation. The added technologies included Cell Directory Service (CDS), Distributed Time Service (DTS), Remote Procedure Call (RPC), and Threads Service.

Direct Display ChannelCommunication standard between the monitor and the graphics card, which transmits various parameters, such as monitor name or resolution, to the graphics card.

1. distributed data processing2. Datagram Delivery Protocol: An AppleTalk protocol that provides best-effort socket-to-socket delivery of datagrams across an AppleTalk internet.

1. Dataphone Digital Service: The AT&T four-wire, digital communications service that operates at speeds from 2,400 bps to 56 kbps on a point-to-point connection.2. digital data service3. digital data standard4. digital data storage5. distributed directory service

Dynamic DeFrame UserDeFrame functionality that enables on-the-fly creation and management of terminal server user accounts. When DeFrame software was moved from ZENworks OnDemand Services to ZENworks for Desktops (beginning with version 4.0.1), DDU functionality was removed and replaced by ZENworks for Desktops Dynamic Local User policies. The last version of DeFrame to provide DDU functionality was DeFrame 2.0.1, included with ZENworks OnDemand Services

Provides a simple reporting facility to help you troubleshoot deployed exteNd Director applications. Debug is a Web application that lets you browse to reports about exteNd Director (subsystem) resources, HTTP (servlet and JSP) resources, JNDI resources, and SilverStream archive resources.

The drive a workstation is using. The drive prompt, such as A> or F>, identifies the current drive.

Rights that are automatically conferred upon a User object by the NetWare security system. Default rights for different objects are as follows:

1. An eDirectory property called Host Server that is mandatory for Volume and User objects.2. In the case of Volume objects, it's the server the physical volume is attached to.3. The server the User object is logged into during login if the user doesn't request a connection to a specific server. It's also the server used if the user makes a network request without naming the server, and it's the server to which the user still has an attachment after logging out.4. The server a user attaches to when the NetWare Requester loads. The default server is the preferred server specified in the user's net.cfg file. Also, the server the current drive is mapped to. This applies to versions of NetWare before NetWare 5.

The zone name that has been designated for all devices on a network to be associated with by default.

The U.S. government agency that funded the ARPANET, which was the forerunner of the Internet created during the cold war. ARPANET was designed by its founders to be a military command and control center that could withstand nuclear attack. ARPANET's founders designed it so that authority was distributed over a large number of geographically dispersed computers. This concept of a computer network with distributed authority is the basis of the Internet. Theoretically, if 90% of the Internet were destroyed by nuclear attack, the remaining servers would be able to continue on.

1. In Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM), the statement that describes an element of the network.2. In Network Control Program (NCP), a type of instruction that defines a resource to the NCP.

The process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous sectors on a hard disk drive. Defragmentation is done to increase disk speed access and retrieval. For example, when files are updated, updates are typically saved on the largest continuous space on the hard disk, often on a different sector than other parts of the file. When files are fragmented like this, a computer must search the entire hard disk each time the file is opened to locate all of its parts, which slows down response time considerably. Routine disk defragmentation is recommended.

In ZENworks for Desktops, the software component that enables delivery of thin-client applications to users.

DeFrame functionality that enables on-the-fly creation and management of terminal server user accounts. When DeFrame software was moved from ZENworks OnDemand Services to ZENworks for Desktops (beginning with version 4.0.1), DDU functionality was removed and replaced by ZENworks for Desktops Dynamic Local User policies. The last version of DeFrame to provide DDU functionality was DeFrame 2.0.1, included with ZENworks OnDemand Services 2.

Short for "Delete Inhibit attribute."

A file system attribute that prevents a directory or file from being deleted or erased, even if a user has the Erase right. This attribute is automatically set and removed when the Read Only attribute is set and removed.

The ability to delete an object from the eDirectory tree.

A property right that grants a trustee the ability to remove itself as a value of the property.

A character, symbol, or code that marks the beginning or end of an item such as a command or command parameter, sentence, paragraph, page, record, field, or word. Delimiters used in NetWare include the comma (,), the period (.), the slash (/), the backslash (), the hyphen (-), and the colon (:).Also used in "dynamic delimiter" to refer to a character that expands to enclose part of an equation.

A component of a user packet. If set to 1, it specifies that an end-to-end acknowledgment is sent by the receiving data terminal equipment (DTE) to the sending DTE. This acknowledges the receipt of a complete packet sequence. If set to 0, it specifies local delivery acknowledgment.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an inventory scan that reports only the changes that have been made since the last scan.

In networking, an area of an organization's network which is open to the public over the Internet and is separated from the organization's private network by a firewall. The resources in the demilitarized zone are typically Web servers and are often outsourced by the organization to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) which locates the DMZ at the ISP's point of presence (POP).

Curtailing or denial of service when a network is flooded with traffic because the systems cannot respond normally. This is a favorite technique of network saboteurs.On the Internet, a denial of service (DoS) attack is an incident in which a user or organization is deprived of the services of a resource they would normally expect to have. Typically, the loss of service is the inability of a particular network service, such as email, to be available or the temporary loss of all network connectivity and services. In the worst cases, for example, a Web site accessed by millions of people can occasionally be forced to temporarily cease operation. A denial of service attack can also destroy programming and files in a computer system. Although usually intentional and malicious, a denial of service attack can sometimes happen accidentally. A denial of service attack is a type of security breach to a computer system that does not usually result in the theft of information or other security loss. However, these attacks can cost the target person or company a great deal of time and money.

A J2EE descriptor in XML format that defines parameters of the application. When appropriate, server-specific deployment information lets you provide runtime values for these parameters.

Server-specific information that you provide when you deploy a J2EE archive. The deployment information can provide or change values for parameters defined in the J2EE deployment descriptor. Each application server specifies how deployment information should be provided.

An entity in the Novell Storage Services (NSS) object bank, such as storage free space or a CD-ROM, that has been recognized by an NSS provider.

The master primary server that services a primary zone; it is the only primary server of the zone that will update the zone information. It will also honor zone transfers. There is only one designated primary server per zone.

The router in a NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP) network that represents its network. It is responsible for exchanges of link state information on behalf of all other NLSP routers in the same LAN. Its two main functions are to1. Originate Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) on behalf of the network segment.2. Establish an adjacency relationship to all other routers on the network segment.NLSP elects the Designated Router by determining which router on the network has the highest priority number. A network administrator can configure the priority number value to determine which router is elected and which router remains the Designated Router.

The master secondary server that services a secondary zone; it is the only secondary server of the zone that will perform zone transfer requests to the primary server of the zone. The designated secondary server answers queries to the zone and honors zone transfer requests to the zone. There is only one designated secondary server per zone.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an application that is either installed and run on a user workstation or installed to a network server and run on a user workstation.

In ZENworks Server Management, a Distribution that has been configured to distribute application objects (created in ZENworks Desktop Management) and their associated files to Subscriber servers.

An application produced by Miramar Systems and used in conjunction with ZENworks Desktop Management to migrate users' accounts, desktop settings, network settings, printer settings, applications, application settings, files, and folders to different workstations.

A graphical desktop environment for Linux.

Software installed on a workstation that users in an all-Windows environment or users located outside of the corporate network firewall can use to log in to and authenticate their workstations to Novell eDirectory using any port over HTTP or port 443 over HTTPS.Users can forego the use of the Novell Client if you install the Desktop Management Agent with ZENworks Desktop Management. However, if you still want users to use the Novell Client, it will not have full ZENworks Desktop Management 6.5 functionality unless the ZENworks 6.5 Desktop Management Agent is also installed.

In ZENworks Desktop Management and ZENworks Server Management, an industry-standard specification that the inventory scanner can use when looking for components on inventoried workstations or inventoried servers.

Software that allows you to automate the setup, updating, healing, and migration of desktop devices and the services they run. Novell ZENworks for Desktops is an example of a desktop manager.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, policies that affect the appearance and functionality of a workstation's desktop.

Windows Desktop Preferences policyIn ZENworks Desktop Management, a policy that lets administrators enable roaming profiles and apply desktop settings. This policy is contained in the User package.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, software that is required on machines where handheld devices cradle or synchronize using Microsoft ActiveSync or Palm HotSync. The Desktop Synchronization Integration software is also required on machines if you want to use ZENworks Handheld Management to distribute software to BlackBerry devices. The Desktop Synchronization Integration software is required for Palm OS devices that do not support TCP/IP communications.

In data communications, a code included in a transmission that specifies the location of the intended recipient of the transmission.

In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, either of the nodes that represent the host computers at each end of a connection. In a packet-switching network, the node attached to the data terminal equipment (DTE) that is receiving the data.

In NetWare Link/SNA, the media access control (MAC) address of the node to which the NetWare server is attached. This parameter corresponds to the Token Interface Card (TIC) address, the MACADDR in the PORT statement for a 937X attachment, the value assigned to Question 900 of a 3174 customization, or the ADPTADR parameter in an AS.400 line description.

destination service access pointIn NetWare Link/SNA, the 2-digit service access point (SAP) number for the network node to which the NetWare server is connected.

The