Glossary

1. The process of returning a resource (either automatically or manually by the administrator) to the original server it was running on. A failback usually happens when the hardware or software problem that caused the resource to be moved (failover) is resolved and the original server is back up and running.2. In Novell Cluster Services, when a node re-rejoins a cluster, the process of migrating a resource from its current location to its previous location. This can be automatic but we recommend that this process be done manually. 3. In ZENworks Server Management, the process of returning cluster resources to their preferred node after the situation causing the failover has been resolved.

1. The process of moving a cluster resource (either automatically or manually by the administrator) to a different server in the cluster. A failover usually happens because of a hardware or software problem.2. In Novell Cluster Services, when a node fails, a user-defined process of restarting multiple cluster resources on any of the surviving nodes in a new cluster membership. 3. In ZENworks Server Management, the process of moving cluster resources from a failed node to a functional node so that availability to users is uninterrupted.

A subdirectory that functions as a root directory. NetWare allows a user to map a drive to a fake root (a directory where rights can be assigned to users).

Multiple-node failover support. If a node fails, the process of restarting its resources on the surviving nodes in the cluster. This may or may not happen automatically, as determined by the administrator.

Frequently Asked QuestionsWidely used TUCAA (The Ultimate Computer Acronyms Archive).You might also enjoy the Jargon File.">acronym for documents providing answers to frequently asked questions.

A facility that expands the Call and Clear User data fields from the typical 16 octets, making the data field more useful for short duration, low-volume, transaction-oriented applications.

A means of protecting data from hazards such as power outages or disk failures, by providing data duplication on multiple storage devices, or by distributing the eDirectory database among several servers.

Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceA LAN standard for using fiber optic cable which carries a light source generated by a laser or LED. FDDI standards govern high-speed (100 Mbps) fiber-optic connections and are under the guidance of ANSI Committee X3T9.5.

Forward Explicit Congestion NotificationThe notification set by the frame relay network to indicate that it has experienced congestion in the packet-forwarding direction of the frame.

A LAN standard for using fiber-optic cable. FDDI standards govern high-speed (100 Mbps) fiber-optic connections and are under the guidance of ANSI Committee X3T9.5.

An index table that points to the disk areas where files are located. Every volume contains a FAT.

Attributes that can indicate such things as whether the file is read-only, or whether it may be deleted, purged or copied. These file attributes are completely independent from the authorization system and take precedence over the effective rights granted via that authorization system. For example, effective rights may allow write access to a file; but if the file attributes for the file indicate the file is a read-only file, writes will not be allowed on the file. Likewise, if the file attributes indicate that the file has the delete inhibit bit set, the file cannot be deleted, regardless of the effective rights a user may have.

An area of server RAM where the hash table, FAT, Turbo FAT, directory cache, and temporary data storage for files are located.

The process of holding a file in server RAM so it can be retrieved quickly.

A means of allowing more data to be stored on server hard disks by compressing (packing) files that are not being used. Enabling compression in NetWare volumes can effectively increase disk space by up to 63%.

In ZENworks Server Management, enables you to send a request to discover a set of IP addresses using Novell ConsoleOne.

In ZENworks Server Management, a Distribution type where the administrator selects files and directories from the Distributor server's file system for distribution, and selects a destination location for extraction on the Subscriber server.

A number used to refer to or identify a file.

The method of indexing FAT entries for faster access to large files. For example, file indexing allows a user to go right to block 128 of a file instead of scanning through the 127 previous blocks.

An instance of a file type. The file system is made up of many different types of files.

A NetWare file system property that controls what a trustee can do with a file or directory. File rights control the security in a directory structure. File and Directory rights are

• Supervisor
• Read
• Write
• Create
• Erase
• Modify
• File Scan
• Access Control

A file system right that allows the trustee to see the file and its directory structure back to the root of the volume, or to see the files in the directory unless other rights are assigned below it.

A computer that controls the system, runs programs, and stores files for networks or multi-user systems. In NetWare, this is called a NetWare server.

The organization the NetWare server uses to store data on its hard disks. Each file is given a filename and stored at a specific location in a hierarchical filing system so that files can be located quickly.Formerly called directory structure.

The file type used when indexing a file server, such as NetWare or Windows NT. After it is created, the new index can be used for searching out content on the targeted file server.

A generic name for any of the following file system components: volume, directory, file, trustee, inherited rights filter (IRF), and name space entry.

In the NetWare file system, the ability of a trustee to see or manipulate files and directories. File system rights are granted by making trustee assignments. File system rights include:

• Access Control
• Create
• Erase
• File Scan
• Modify
• Read
• Supervisor
• Write

A part of the TCP/IP suite of control procedures for downloading files from a remote host computer to a local computer. FTP can be implemented either from a Telnet client by using mostly UNIX commands, or by using a software program such as LAN WorkPlace that automates many of the functions for you. The FTP protocol is also supported by many World Wide Web browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape.

A way of describing a group of files on a computer. The top of the tree is called the root directory, and is denoted by /. The rest of the branches spread downward from the root. Don't confuse the root directory with the root account or root's home directory, normally /root.

1. The format of a file, commonly indicated by its file name extension (such as .txt, .doc, or .jpg). 2. A file object.

In ZENworks, a mechanism that enables a system administrator to discover IP addresses that are not found by the discovery cycle.

The speed at which packets are checked against filter criteria.

A set of related programs, located at a network gateway server, that protects the resources of a private network from users from other networks. A firewall protects a local network or host from unauthorized access from the Internet using various security measures.

A set of software instructions that are set, permanently or semipermanently, into integrated circuitry.

A type of computer memory that can be erased and reprogrammed in blocks rather than bytes. Most modern computers have the BIOS stored in flash memory.

A magnetic disk for storing information electronically. The original floppy disk was floppy because it was thin and 5.25 inches square. Today's floppy disks measure 3.5 inches square and are more rigid in construction. They can be removed from a disk drive. Disk drives for floppy disks are called floppy drives. Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks and have less storage capacity, but they are much less expensive. Typically they are limited to 1.44 megabytes of storage space.

A process that allows the negotiation, on a per-call basis, of the window size and maximum user packet size used on a virtual call in each direction.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an administrator-definable action that results in a distributed application's source files (and other files required for installation) being automatically copied to the workstation's Novell Application Launcher (NAL) cache directory.With a user-associated application, the application is cached immediately after NAL refreshes (initial startup, manual refresh, or timed refresh).With a workstation-associated application, the application is cached immediately after Workstation Helper refreshes (initial startup or timed refresh).

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an administrator-definable action that results in a distributed application being run without user intervention.With a user-associated application, the application is run immediately after Novell Application Launcher (NAL) refreshes (initial startup, manual refresh, or timed refresh).With a workstation-associated application, the application is run immediately after the Workstation Helper refreshes (initial startup or timed refresh).

The administrative option to log a user out of a server that contains files due to be synchronized, before the synchronization occurs, thus ensuring that all relevant files are available for synchronization. This option can be set to force users to close the files that would otherwise be affected.

The process currently interacting with the user; it appears to the user as the active application. The foreground process displays its menu bar, and its windows are in front of the windows of other applications.

The notification set by the frame relay network to indicate that it has experienced congestion in the packet-forwarding direction of the frame.

fully qualified distinguished nameSpecifies a node's location in the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, relative to the root of the DNS domain. For example, host1.engineering.novell.com., including the trailing period, is an FQDN. Also known as an absolute domain name.

fully qualified nameA complete address, filename, or pathname, including the host or root and all the direct-line subdirectories. A fully qualified filename includes the name of the file at the end of the path.

An X.25 layer that transports data across the physical link, controls the interchange between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit terminating equipment (DCE), and corrects any link errors. Also called the "Link layer."

A type of frame that reports an error condition not recoverable by retransmission of the frame.

A form of packet switching that relies on high-quality phone lines to minimize errors. It does error checking but no correcting in the network. The end devices, like LAN servers and clients, make corrections when necessary. When a traditional protocol like SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) is adapted to frame relay by a Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD), the FRAD will correct errors. Frame Relay is very good at efficiently handling high-speed, bursty data over wide area networks (WANs). It offers lower costs and higher performance for those applications in contrast to the traditional point-to-point services (leased lines).

A private-line network that permanently allocates dedicated transmission resources between communication end points. A frame relay network, characterized by packet switching with no error correction, uses statistical multiplexing, allocating transmission resources only when there are active communications.

The process of quickly transporting high-level data link control (HDLC) frames through a network. Also called frame relaying (technology).

A set of standards that specifies the function and communications of the data link layer in networks. Frame types determine how packets of network data are formatted on different LANs. Ethernet, token ring, ARCnet, and other LANs use different formats. The TCP/IP and IPX protocols also require different frame types in some instances.

Provides core exteNd Director services. The Framework provides support for caching, system configuration, session management, and other services used by the other subsystems. The Framework is required by all other subsystems.

Software in which the source code is by definition freely available to the general public for redistribution, modification, examination, or any other conceivable purpose. Similar to "open-source software," except that "open-source" is a relatively recent term coined for marketing purposes by people who wanted to put a more "business-friendly" face on the concept. Free software, as an idea, is usually associated with Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation.

A non-profit organization founded in 1985 and devoted to the creation and dissemination of free software, i.e., software that is free from licensing fees or restrictions on use. The Foundation's main work is supporting the GNU Manifesto explains the details. In legal terms, GNU software is protected by the GNU General Public License, or GPL, and by the GNU Lesser General Public License, or LGPL. The Linux kernel, which is subject to the GPL, benefits from this project (especially from the tools), but should not be seen as the same thing.">GNU project, started by Richard Stallman, partly to proselytize for his position that information is community property and all software source should be shared.

Acronym for documents providing answers to frequently asked questions.

Frame Reject frameA type of frame that reports an error condition not recoverable by retransmission of the frame.

Free Software FoundationA non-profit organization founded in 1985 and devoted to the creation and dissemination of free software, i.e., software that is free from licensing fees or restrictions on use. The Foundation's main work is supporting the GNU Manifesto explains the details. In legal terms, GNU software is protected by the GNU General Public License, or GPL, and by the GNU Lesser General Public License, or LGPL. The Linux kernel, which is subject to the GPL, benefits from this project (especially from the tools), but should not be seen as the same thing.">GNU project, started by Richard Stallman, partly to proselytize for his position that information is community property and all software source should be shared.

File Transfer ProtocolA part of the TCP/IP suite of control procedures for downloading files from a remote host computer to a local computer. FTP can be implemented either from a Telnet client by using mostly UNIX commands, or by using a software program that automates many of the functions for you. The FTP protocol is also supported by many World Wide Web browsers such as Mosaic, Mozilla, and Netscape, and Internet Explorer.

In ZENworks Server Management, a Distribution type where the administrator creates a Distribution consisting of files from one or more FTP sources. Each source can contain one or more directories and files.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an inventory scan that collects a complete inventory of the workstation.

A process that allows two data streams to flow in opposite directions simultaneously. The receiving application can send control information back to the sending application while the sending application continues to send data.

Specifies a node's location in the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, relative to the root of the DNS domain. For example, host1.engineering.novell.com., including the trailing period, is an FQDN. Also known as an absolute domain name.

A complete address, filename, or pathname, including the host or root and all the direct-line subdirectories. A fully qualified filename includes the name of the file at the end of the path.