Glossary

A slang term for a computer enthusiast. Among professional programmers, the term hacker implies an amateur or a programmer who lacks formal training. Depending on how it is used, the term can be either complimentary or derogatory, although it is developing an increasingly derogatory connotation. The pejorative sense of hacker is becoming more prominent, largely because the popular press has co-opted the term to refer to individuals who gain unauthorized access to computer systems for the purpose of stealing and corrupting data. Hackers maintain that "cracker" is the proper term for such an individual.

1. host adapter module: A driver component used to drive specific host adapter hardware in the NetWare Peripheral Architecture (NPA). This component is part of the host adapter interface (HAI), which is standard for tape drives.2. hold and modify

In ZENworks Handheld Management, an eDirectory object used to distribute collections of files (applications or content) for copying to handheld devices. Handheld Application objects usually consist of applications such as .prc files (for Palm OS devices), .cab files (for Windows CE devices), and .alx, .ali, and .dll files (for BlackBerry devices).

ZENworks Handheld Management handheld clientIn ZENworks Handheld Management, the component that is installed on each managed BlackBerry, Palm OS, and Windows CE handheld device in the system. The handheld client distributes software and content to handheld devices, collects software and hardware inventory for each device, and enforces policies.

A pocket-sized computing device. ZENworks Handheld Management provides support for various brands of handheld devices.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy to enable handheld import and configuration settings, such as how handheld device objects are named, where they are stored in eDirectory, and which Handheld Group objects you want certain handheld device objects associated with. The Handheld Import policy is contained in the Handheld Service Package.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy package that contains the following policies:

• BlackBerry Configuration policy
• BlackBerry Inventory policy
• BlackBerry Security policy
• Palm Configuration policy
• Palm Client Configuration policy
• Palm File Retrieval policy
• Palm Security policy
• WinCE Configuration policy
• WinCE Client Configuration policy
• WinCE File Retrieval policy
• WinCE Security policy

Also called Handheld User Package.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy package that contains the Handheld Import policy.

A high-capacity storage medium consisting of a stack of magnetic disks that hold information in concentric areas called cylinders. This device can be connected to a network or in your own computer. Internal hard disks use channel 0; external hard disks use channels 1 through 4.Also called fixed disk.

Primary storage device that computer uses to store data, generally not removed from the computer and can store large amounts of information; normally drive C on computer. Used for the storage of data, documents and the computer's programs and operating system.

hwdetect.nlmA NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) that runs automatically during the NetWare installation process to detect hardware devices and load the appropriate drivers.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, hardware information from each handheld device in your system, including the model, OS version, processor type, free RAM, RAM used, and battery type and remaining voltage.

The process of using the hash algorithm to access a file on a large volume. The algorithm calculates a file's address both in cache memory and on the hard disk and predicts the address on a hash table, which is much more efficient than searching for the file sequentially.

host bus adapterA SCSI adapter board or disk controller that adds a bus through which peripheral devices (such as hard disks, tape drives, and CD-ROM drives) are connected to the computer. These devices typically have embedded controllers.

High-Capacity Storage SystemA data storage system that extends the storage capacity of a NetWare server by integrating an optical disk library, or jukebox, into the NetWare file system.HCSS moves files between faster low-capacity storage devices (the server's hard disk) and slower high-capacity storage devices (such as optical discs in a jukebox).

high-level data link controlA bit-oriented, synchronous, communications protocol defined for high-level, synchronous connections to X.25 packet networks. HDLC applies to the data-link layer of the OSI model.HDLC is similar in almost all respects to synchronous data link control (SDLC).

A set of standard compression options intended to eliminate nonessential information from the frame format, including address and control compression, protocol ID (PID) compression, and data compression. Header compression also maximizes the bandwidth available from public switched telephone network (PSTN) connections.

Short for "Help Desk Policy object."

In ZENworks Desktop Management, a policy that sets the choices viewed in the Help Desk user interface. The policy is part of the User package.

An eDirectory object that contains rules established by the network administrator for Help Request users.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an imaging mode that displays information about the img command at the Linux bash prompt.

A user application that exposes help support options for the user, which are specified in the Help Desk Policy associated with the user. It can be made available on any workstation, even one that has not been registered.

A name coined by Project Athena (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for the "name-server" services of the network, which keeps track of resources and translates a request for a logical destination to a physical location. Developed as a means of maintaining widely used, infrequently updated databases from a centralized source. Built on the widely used BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) suite, Hesiod can be used to map practically any kind of text entry (e.g., passwd, printcap, maildrop) into the Domain Name System (DNS) records.

Short for "hexadecimal numbering system": a numbering system which uses a base of 16. The first ten digits are 0-9 and the next six are A-F.Machine language programs are often written in hexadecimal notation. The hex number system is very useful in cases where computer words are composed of multiples of 4 bits (that is, 4-bit words, 8-bit words, 16- bit words, and so on).When a number is written in base 16, it is preceded by a dollar sign ("$"). For example, $F3 is the hexadecimal representation for the decimal number 243.

A file or directory attribute that hides the file or directory from the DOS DIR command and prevents the file or directory from being deleted or copied. The NetWare DIR command will list the file or directory if the user has the File Scan right.

An addressing scheme in which a network is partitioned into sections, with the section identifier forming one part of each destination address, and the destination identifier forming another. Destination identifiers, such as server names, can be reused in different sections, because the section identifier distinguishes them. There can be more than one level of sections.

A data storage system that extends the storage capacity of a NetWare server by integrating an optical disk library, or jukebox, into the NetWare file system.HCSS moves files between faster low-capacity storage devices (the server's hard disk) and slower high-capacity storage devices (such as optical discs in a jukebox).

A bit-oriented, synchronous, communications protocol defined for high-level, synchronous connections to X.25 packet networks. HDLC applies to the data-link layer of the OSI model.HDLC is similar in almost all respects to synchronous data link control (SDLC).

This security feature in trustee assignments prevents users who have rights in one branch of the Directory Services tree from jumping over to a place where he or she doesn't have rights and then browsing through the entire tree.

1. In the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), a directory where you keep personal files and additional directories. By default, the File Manager and Terminal Emulator windows are set to the home directory when you first open them.2. A network directory that the network administrator can create for a user. The user should keep personal files in this directory (usually in /home/). Except for the superuser root, only the owner has full access rights in the home directory.

Short for "Home Directory property."

A network of 2–3 personal computers connected in a home environment. It is designed to merely share file and print services without significant security and naming requirements.

The routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination. Each hop count equals the transmission of a packet across a router.

A driver component used to drive specific host adapter hardware in the NetWare Peripheral Architecture (NPA). This component is part of the host adapter interface (HAI), which is standard for tape drives.

A SCSI adapter board or disk controller that adds a bus through which peripheral devices (such as hard disks, tape drives, and CD-ROM drives) are connected to the computer. These devices typically have embedded controllers.

In a computer network, the computer where data or applications are stored and from which data is retrieved or applications are run.

A NetWare server with a host adapter and storage device, such as a tape drive, attached. Also, the NetWare server where the backup program resides.

1. In a network or distributed processing environment, the name used to identify the computer that provides services to other computers or terminals that can access the network.2. In the Domain Name System (DNS), a unique name associated with an IP address. A hostname cannot contain a space, tab, number sign (#), or end-of-line character.

In PCI Hot Plug technology, the process of adding a new adapter of any type to a running system by using hot insertion.

One of three System Fault Tolerance (SFT) levels. SFT protects data by providing procedures that allow a network server to automatically recover from hardware failures. SFT protects data by providing data duplication on multiple storage devices; if one storage device fails, the data is available from another device. There are three levels of SFT: Hot Fix, disk mirroring or duplexing, and server mirroring. Each level of redundancy (duplication) decreases the possibility of data loss.

In PCI Hot Plug technology, the process of physically plugging an adapter board into a PCI slot without removing power to the server.

Technology that allows a user to physically remove and insert industry-standard PCI devices (such as LAN adapters, disk controllers, or disk drives) without disrupting the operation of other devices in the system. This allows the same functionality to continue after replacing the device. Only individual slots are affected (the system does not need to be powered off to perform these functions). This technology requires both hardware and software that is PCI capable.

In PCI Hot Plug technology, the process of physically removing an adapter board from a PCI slot without removing power to the server.

In the NetWare operating system, a disk driver that can be loaded while the server is running and while the previous version of the disk driver is still loaded. When a hot replace driver is loaded, NetWare automatically unloads the old version of the driver with no interruption in operation.

The ability to change a computer's hardware or software without rebooting. In PCI Hot Plug technology, the process of removing a failed PCI adapter and inserting an identical adapter without removing power to the server.

1. An icon or part of a larger image used as a hyperlink to another document or file. When the hot spot is selected by clicking on it, the linked material is searched for and displayed.2. In the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), the place on the pointer that determines the exact spot on the screen where an action is performed.3. In the OSF/Motif Style Guide, the actual position on the pointer that identifies the element to which input associated with the pointer is directed.

The ability to change a computer's hardware or software without rebooting.

Palm HotSyncIn ZENworks Handheld Management, third-party synchronization software that transfers data between the ZENworks Handheld Management server and a Palm OS handheld device.

HyperText Markup LanguageThe markup language used to create pages on the World Wide Web. Because HTML uses this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.">ASCII text character combinations to code or tag various options, it can be used on a variety of platforms. HTML coding can be used to format text, create lists, insert multimedia, create forms for collecting user input, and create links to other Web locations.HTML is a language for describing page layout in electronic documents such as Web pages, help files, and e-mail messages. HTML can be used in e-mail and news posts to insert images and apply text treatments.

An HTML feature that enables creation of Web pages that collect user input and submit the input to a Web server for processing. Using HTML tags, a user can create forms that contain text boxes, text blocks, menus, check boxes, radio buttons, and password boxes.

Hypertext Transfer ProtocolThe protocol that Web servers and Web browsers use to communicate with each other on the World Wide Web (WWW). Web browsers submit HTTP requests; Web servers use HTTP to respond with the requested document.

In ZENworks Server Management, a Distribution type consisting of one or more HTTP sources. Each source can contain one or more target entries.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (SSL).A Web protocol that encrypts and decrypts user page requests as well as the pages that are returned by the Web server. HTTPS uses port 443 instead of HTTP port 80 in its interactions with TCP/IP.

A Novell software term that is part of the Hub Management Interface (HMI).

hardware detect NLMA NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) that runs automatically during the NetWare installation process to detect hardware devices and load the appropriate drivers.

Text that contains links to other places within the same document, or to other documents stored locally or on Web servers anywhere. This method of storing and presenting information allows almost instantaneous retrieval of information.

Element on a Web page which you click on to jump to another location (on the page, the site, or the Web). The mouse pointer changes when it is placed over such a link.More commonly referred to as hyperlink.

The markup language used to create pages on the World Wide Web. Because HTML uses this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.">ASCII text character combinations to code or tag various options, it can be used on a variety of platforms. HTML coding can be used to format text, create lists, insert multimedia, create forms for collecting user input, and create links to other Web locations.

The protocol that Web servers and Web browsers use to communicate with each other on the World Wide Web (WWW). Web browsers submit HTTP requests; Web servers use HTTP to respond with the requested document.

A Web protocol that encrypts and decrypts user page requests as well as the pages that are returned by the Web server. HTTPS uses port 443 instead of HTTP port 80 in its interactions with TCP/IP.