Glossary

more data markA component of a user packet. If set, it specifies that the next packet sent is a logical continuation of the data in the current packet.

Media Access Control (MAC) addressThe hardware address of a device connected to a network. In Ethernet, the Ethernet address.

A mail client is the application with which a person reads and sends e-mail. Its counterparts are the various types of mail servers, which handle user authentication and direct messages from sender to the recipient.

The SYS:MAIL directory, created during network installation, used by mail programs that are compatible with NetWare.

The program responsible for delivering e-mail messages. Upon receiving a message from a mail user agent or another MTA, it stores the message temporarily locally and analyzes the recipients and either delivers the message (local addressee) or forwards it to another MTA. In either case, it may edit and/or add to the message headers.

The program that allows the user to compose and read electronic mail messages. The MUA provides the interface between the user and the mail transfer agent (MTA).

A gateway that sends mail messages to an Internet discussion group.

In NetWare Administrator, the core set of buttons that appear on the toolbar of a main view if the main view also contains corresponding menu commands. These buttons are supplemented by tool-specific or view-specific buttons.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an imaging mode that takes an image of the computer and stores it in a partition on a local drive.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an imaging mode that takes an image of the computer and stores it in a specified location, either locally or on an Imaging server.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an imaging mode that takes an image of the computer and stores it on an Imaging server.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a handheld device that has the ZENworks Handheld Management client installed. The administrator can do such things as apply policies to associated devices, collect software and hardware inventory from devices, and distribute applications to devices.

1. A device that is connected to a network and that can be managed by network management software or a protocol such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).2. A storage-free space object that is owned by NSS and is deposited in the NSS object bank for NSS use.

1. In ZENworks Server Management, a server that has the Server Management Remote Management Agent installed in order to enable remotely controlling, viewing, or managing the server.2. In ZENworks Server Management and Monitoring Services, a server where the Server Management Remote Management Agent is installed in order to provide real-time server performance data and information about server alarms and events that can be viewed at the network management console.

1. In ZENworks Desktop Management, a remote workstation that the administrator can manage. The administrator can do such things as assume control of the workstation, download or execute files, and diagnose problems on the workstation.2. In ZENworks Desktop Management, a Windows workstation that has the Desktop Management Remote Management Agent installed, allowing an administrator to use remote control, remote viewing, diagnostics, FTP, remote execute, and remote audit capabilities.

In ZENworks Server Management, any one of the Novell SNMP-based agents for NetWare, Windows, and Linux servers that provide real-time server performance data and information about server alarms and events.

In ZENworks Server Management, a component that provides industry-standards-based monitoring, management, and reporting for heterogeneous network environments, including support for multiprotocol LAN/WAN networks and servers. It includes Management Site Services, Server Management, and Traffic Analysis.

In ZENworks Desktop Management and Server Management, a Windows workstation or server running Novell ConsoleOne with the ZENworks snap-ins installed. It provides the interface to manage and administer the inventory system, Remote Management system, and Management and Monitoring services.

In ZENworks Server Management, the central information repository used to store management information.

1. A database of network management information about the configuration and status of nodes on a TCP/IP-based internetwork. MIB is used by the Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).2. An this page you can look up ASCII characters and descriptions.">ASCII text file written in a specific format that describes the management information available on a particular class of devices.

In ZENworks Server Management, a server with eDirectory and the Server Management Distributor components installed to enable a secure Remote Management session or a server with eDirectory and the Server Management and Monitoring Services components installed to enable monitoring segments and devices on a network.

In ZENworks Server Management, a component that includes the capability for alarm management, database administration, MIB tools administration, monitoring services, network discovery, reporting, role-based services, topology mapping, Web-based health reports, and traffic analysis.

Mobile Ad-Hoc NetworkAlso called http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html.)">ad-hoc network. Describes an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over bandwidth-constrained wireless links for a wide range of purposes such as establishing survivable, efficient, dynamic communication for emergency/rescue operations, disaster relief efforts, and military networks.Such network scenarios cannot rely on centralized and organized connectivity, and can be conceived as applications of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks.(See the official charter of IETF working group on official charter of IETF working group on MANET.)">MANET.)

The first physical sector of the hard disk whose content is loaded to the main memory and executed by the BIOS. This code then either loads the operating system from a hard disk partition or a more sophisticated boot loader, such as LILO or GRUB.

The primary drive on an Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) chain. The master drive is usually bootable and/or contains an operating system's most critical files.

A single server in an administrative zone that maintains an authoritative database of name and address information for that zone. It also contains information about how to contact name servers in higher- and lower-level zones.

A writable replica that contains an instance of all object information for the partition. All partition operations (create, merge, move, create a replica, delete a replica, repair) occur in relation to the master replica of the given partition. Only one master replica at a time can exist for any partition.

A number specifying the amount of time between transmits for the master node in the cluster.

A Link Control Protocol (LCP) option used to negotiate the maximum packet size. The MRU is sent to inform the peer that the implementation can receive larger packets or to request that the peer send smaller packets.

The largest packet size, in bytes, that can be sent on a given physical network medium. For example, the MTU for Ethernet is 1500 bytes.

megabyteA unit of measure of computer memory, equal to 1,024 kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes.

megabits per secondA data rate equal to 1,048,576 bits per second (bps). Also written as Mbps.

megabits per secondA data rate equal to 1,048,576 bits per second (bps). Also written as mbit/s or Mbit/s.

The first physical sector of the hard disk from which the content is loaded to the main memory and executed by the BIOS. This code then loads either the operating system from a hard disk partition or a more sophisticated boot loader, such as LILO.

Algorithm for generating checksums. These checksums are generated in a way that makes it virtually impossible to create a file that has a given MD5 checksum but a different content than the original file.

In the OSI Reference Model, the Data-Link layer protocol that governs communication between the Data-Link and Physical layers; controls the use of the network hardware.

MAC layerThe lower half of the Data-Link layer in the OSI Model. The MAC layer frame format allows for multiple Network-layer protocols to be transported across MAC layer bridges.

A layer in the NSS software architecture that provides an abstracted interface to storage devices such as hard drives and CD-ROMs, in order to chunk large amounts of storage free space and eventually break it into storage groups and NSS volumes.The MAL allows NSS storage space to be independent of the physical storage platform of a host. It lets users view the storage capability of a server as storage groups and NSS volumes.

A database built into NetWare that keeps track of all peripheral storage devices and media attached to NetWare servers, and allows applications to gain access and get information.

A unit of memory measurement equal to approximately one million bits. The actual value is 1,048,576 bits.

An amount of computer memory consisting of about one million bytes. The actual value is 1,048,576 bytes.

The process of reserving specific memory locations in RAM for processes, instructions, and data.When a computer system is installed, the installer may allocate memory for items such as disk caches, RAM disks, extended memory, and expanded memory.Operating systems and application programs allocate memory to meet their requirements, but they can use only that memory actually available to them.Memory can be reallocated between resources to optimize performance. The proper memory allocation mix depends on the applications that are run.

An add-on board that increases the amount of RAM within a personal computer.

A portion of the microprocessor that provides memory address mechanisms, such as segmentation and paging, which are used by the NetWare operating system to manage memory. The MMU partitions memory for programs and prevents unwanted access to the memory.

A 4 KB block of server memory.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a storage device that plugs into the expansion slot of a Palm OS device to store software applications, pictures, and audio files. ZENworks Handheld Management supports memory sticks in Palm OS devices running Palm OS 4 and newer. Also called secure digital (SD) cards or expansion cards.

A compressed or condensed form of a document, or an abstract from a document, that functions as a "digital fingerprint" of the larger document. A message digest is used to create a digital signature that is unique to a particular document.A message digest can be made public without revealing the contents of the document from which it is derived. This is important in digital time-stamping, where, using hash functions, one can get a document time-stamped without revealing its contents to the time-stamping service.

Novell's store-and-forward technology for sending electronic mail messages.

A technique used by a receiving component to control the rate of transmission of a sending component, thus preventing overrun or congestion. Message pacing sets the maximum number of request units (RUs) that the local LU can receive without sending a pacing response on sessions for the specified mode name. The maximum number of RUs is the pacing window. The range of values is 0 through 63.

A unit of information used in network communication.

A data network designed for a town or city. MANs are larger than local area networks (LANs), but smaller than wide area networks (WANs). MANs are usually characterized by high-speed connections using fiber optical cable or other digital media.

In ZENworks Server Management, software that lets administrators communicate with devices and issue SNMP commands through an SNMP agent such as the NetWare Management Agent, by using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or the Internet Protocol (IP). The results of SNMP commands are displayed in the MIB Browser window.

In ZENworks Server Management, software that parses a set of predefined MIB files, verifies their syntax, and then stores the compiled MIB information in the ZENworks Server Management database, so all users can access the compiled files from a central location.

In ZENworks Server Management, the set of SNMP MIBs compiled on the Management Site Server. The MIB pool contains the MIB information and alarm traps integrated with the Management database.

In ZENworks Server Management, the area of the ZENworks Server Management database where compiled MIBs are stored.

An advanced, hierarchical directory service that is an integral part of the Microsoft Windows 2000 architecture. It is LDAP-compliant and built on the Internet

In ZENworks Handheld Management, third-party synchronization software that transfers data between the ZENworks Handheld Management server and a Windows CE handheld device.

A product for managing large groups of Microsoft-based computer systems. Microsoft SMS provides remote control, patch management, software distribution, and hardware/software inventory.

1. ZENworks Desktop Management: Software installed on a Windows or NetWare server where a Web server is already installed. The modules of the Middle Tier Server plug in to the Web server software and act as a Web service.2. NetWare: Software that resides between the client and the file system or database. A middle-tier server receives and processes requests from clients. This often eliminates the need for client programs to deal with the complexity of databases and other complex back-end systems. A middle-tier server can support a variety of clients, such as Web browsers, Java applications, and hand-held devices. The clients handle the user interface and do not query databases or file systems directly; the middle-tier server handles the requests.

A file system attribute, set by NetWare, that indicates the file has been migrated. It is shown in attribute listings but cannot be set by users.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension typeA convention used to map a data type to a particular filename extension. A MIME type header is sent with every Web document to describe the content of the document. Web browsers use the MIME type to determine how to process the document.

A category of data defined by the Target Service Agent (TSA) and recognized by SBACKUP. A minor resource, such as a directory, subdirectory, or file, might be located in the directory structure below the selected major resource.

The part of the SFT III operating system that handles nonphysical processes, such as the NetWare file system, queue management, and NDS.SFT III is split into two parts: the IOEngine (Input/Output Engine) and the MSEngine. The MSEngine keeps track of active network processes; it provides uninterrupted network service when the primary server fails and the secondary server takes over.

A dedicated, high-speed connection between SFT III primary and secondary servers.

Multiple Link Interface DriverA device driver written to the ODI specification that handles sending packets to and receiving packets from a physical or logical LAN medium.

Also called http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html.)">ad-hoc network. Describes an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over bandwidth-constrained wireless links for a wide range of purposes such as establishing survivable, efficient, dynamic communication for emergency/rescue operations, disaster relief efforts, and military networks.Such network scenarios cannot rely on centralized and organized connectivity, and can be conceived as applications of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks.(See the official charter of IETF working group on official charter of IETF working group on MANET.)">MANET.)

A table used at login to determine the session properties of a logical unit (LU).

modulator/demodulatorA device that transmits and receives digital computer data over telephone lines.

An operand in a Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) definition statement coded with the name of the login mode table used for a logical unit (LU).

When a file is changed, a file attribute set by the operating system to indicate that data has been modified.The NetWare modify bit, called Archive Needed Attribute, appears as an "A" wherever file attributes are listed.

A file system right that allows the trustee to rename the file or directory or to change its attributes. In the case of a directory, the trustee can also rename or modify the attributes of any subordinate file or directories.This right doesn't allow the trustee to see or modify the actual contents of files.

A packet sequence numbering method that specifies the control over the numbering of sequential data packets in a window.

In ZENworks Server Management, a component that lets administrators test the connectivity and availability of services on a network device. Monitoring Services are also called Remote Ping.

A component of a user packet. If set, it specifies that the next packet sent is a logical continuation of the data in the current packet.

The main printed circuit board in a computer that carries the system buses. It is equipped with sockets to which all processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices are connected. Also known as the logic board, main board, or computer board.

1. A mount point is a term used to describe where the computer puts the files in a file system on Unix-like systems. For example, many modern Linux distributions automatically mount the CD drive as /mnt/cdrom, so the contents of the CD drive will appear in the /mnt/cdrom directory. A device can be mounted anywhere on the directory structure, however only the root account can mount a new file system. A filesystem can be mounted by running the mount command. 2. A mount point is a directory on a volume that an application can use to "mount" (set up for use) a different volume. Mount points overcome the limitation on drive letters and allow more logical organization of files and folders.

Compression algorithm for audio files that reduces the data size by about a factor of ten in contrast to the uncompressed audio file. It is called a lossy compression because information and quality are lost in the process.

mirrored server engineThe part of the SFT III operating system that handles nonphysical processes, such as the NetWare file system, queue management, and NDS.SFT III is split into two parts: the IOEngine (Input/Output Engine) and the MSEngine. The MSEngine keeps track of active network processes; it provides uninterrupted network service when the primary server fails and the secondary server takes over.

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