Glossary

The number of RUs that a program can send before getting permission to send more.

A group of bits transmitted as a unit of information on a network. These bits include data and control elements. The control elements include the addresses of the packet's source and destination and, in some cases, error-control information.In packet-switching networks, a transmission unit of a fixed maximum size that consists of binary digits representing both data and a header.

A transmission mode that does not require the operating system to wait for verification that a packet has been received before sending the next packet. Both file and print services can use Packet Burst to speed processing of data across the network.Because Packet Burst transfers multiple packets before requiring a response, users are able to send large amounts of data quickly across both LANs and WANs. Packet Burst technology speeds the transfer of data across the wire and reduces network traffic.

A protocol built on top of IPX that speeds the transfer of multiple-packet NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) file reads and writes by eliminating the need to sequence and acknowledge each packet.Packet Burst protocol is more efficient than the one-request/one-response protocol in early NetWare versions. With Packet Burst protocol, the server or workstation can send a whole set (burst) of packets before it requires an acknowledgment.

Copying a packet from one interface to another through an intermediate system.

A set of information added to a packet to ensure its proper transmission across the network. The format of frame information depends upon the physical medium on which the data travels.

An X.25 layer that controls call setup and clearing, packet transfer, and network facility selection.

An area in the NetWare server's memory set aside to temporarily hold arriving data packets. The packets remain in this buffer until the server is ready to process them and send them to their destination. This ensures the smooth flow of data into the server, even during times of particularly heavy input/output operations.The number of packet receive buffers is set during server installation. This number is increased by the operating system as needed due to heavy buffer activity.

The size of an incoming or outgoing data packet.

A data communications process in which messages are broken into finite-sized packets. The message packets are forwarded over different routes. At the other end of the routes, the packets are reassembled into the message, which is then passed on to the receiving terminal or device.

A group of interconnected, individually controlled computers that use packets to transmit information to each other.

An error that occurs when a program attempts to access a memory page that either does not exist or that the program does not have the right to access.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy used to override the user authentication settings of the ZENworks Handheld Management Service object for associated Palm OS devices. This policy is contained in the Handheld package.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy used to set general preferences, such as auto-off, system sound, and beam retrieve settings; associate different software programs with the buttons on the Palm OS device; assign a feature users can access when they drag the pen from the writing area to the top of the screen on the Palm OS device; and specify which software programs are allowed or not allowed on Palm OS devices. This policy is contained in the Handheld package and Handheld User package.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a plural policy used to specify files to retrieve from the associated Palm OS device to copy to a specified location. This policy is contained in the Handheld and Handheld User packages.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, third-party synchronization software that transfers data between the ZENworks Handheld Management server and a Palm OS handheld device.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, the software that manages Palm OS devices that communicate directly with the IP conduit on the proxy service computer via TCP/IP; no third-party synchronization software (Palm HotSync, for example) is required.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, any handheld device that runs Palm OS.

In ZENworks Handheld Management, a policy used to ensure that a password is set on the associated Palm OS device. The policy lets you configure Auto Lock Configuration and enhanced password protection. The Palm Security policy also lets you specify self-destruct settings to disable a Palm device after a specified number of failed password attempts or after a specified number of days since the device was last synchronized. This policy is contained in the Handheld and Handheld User packages.

Password Authentication Protocol authenticationAn inbound call protection method used by Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) that enables an exchange of peer ID/password pairs used to validate the calling node. The ID/password pair is compared against a local list of authorized pairs.

A connector between a computer and another component, such as a printer, that uses a parallel interface. It transmits 8 bits (1 byte) of information at a time, unlike a serial port, which transmits only 1 bit at a time.

A directory that contains subdirectories and files.

A container object that contains other objects.

The original partition. A partition that has a boundary in the NDS tree above another partition.

In ZENworks Server Management, a Subscriber server that receives Distributions and passes them on to other Subscribers, thus acting as a proxy for a Distributor.

An error-checking system in computer memory and communications that adds noninformation bits to a message to detect any changes in the original bit structure.

To break down a string of information such as a command or file into its constituent parts.

The server returns to the client when it encounters a junction or symbolic link while parsing the path. The client can then continue the parsing of the path on the appropriate server, which lets the client directly talk to the server that manages the file object named by the path without having to go through an intermediary server.

1. A logical division of a computer hard disk created in order to have different operating systems on the same hard disk or to create the appearance of having separate hard disks for file management and so forth..

The method of managing Novell Directory Services (NDS) database partitions and replicas. Partition management divides NDS into partitions and makes and manages various replicas of these partitions. Partition management allows network administrators to

• Create, merge, and move NDS partitions
• Display partitions and partition details
• Add, delete, synchronize, and display NDS replicas

In ZENworks Desktop Management, an imaging mode that allows an administrator to create, delete, or activate (make bootable) a partition on the computer.

Error recovery or regeneration of a Directory database after the loss of a replica.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, a method of synchronizing the user's login credentials so that the login procedure at the Windows client "passes through" the Desktop Management Agent and authenticates directly into eDirectory. There is no visible Novell login in a pass-through mode.

A type of hub used on ARCnet networks that passes signals along but has no additional capability. A passive hub splits a transmission signal, allowing additional workstations to be added. Unused ports on passive hubs must be terminated.

A DNS server that services a primary zone. A passive primary server honors zone transfer requests but will not update the zone information. Multiple passive primary servers can service the same primary zone.

A DNS server that services a secondary zone. A passive secondary server honors zone transfer requests and answers queries to the zone but will not perform zone transfer requests to the primary server of the zone. Multiple passive secondary servers can service the same secondary zone.

An inbound call protection method used by Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) that enables an exchange of peer ID/password pairs used to validate the calling node. The ID/password pair is compared to a local list of authorized pairs.Also referred to as Password Authentication Protocol authentication or PAP authentication.

DirXML Password Synchronization.Novell software that allows passwords to be securely, consistently, and automatically shared across Novell eDirectory, Microsoft NT domains, and Microsoft Active Directory.With PasswordSync, a user is required to remember only a single password to log in to any of these systems. Administrators can manage passwords in the system of their choice. Any time a password is changed in one of these environments, it will be updated in all of them.PasswordSync is used when deploying Desktop Management in a Windows-only environment.

ZENworks Patch ManagementThe ZENworks capability, powered by PatchLink Update, that enables you to manage the software update and patch process across NetWare and Windows operating systems. ZENworks Patch Management allows you to

• Apply all required updates and patches to new installations to match corporate standards
• Patch all major vendors' software, including Novell, Microsoft, IBM, Adobe, Corel, Symantec, McAffee, WinZip, Citrix, and others
• Review detailed patch information to determine what patches are right for your organization
• Target specific machines to ensure that the correct machines get the correct patches , andschedule the update times
• Generate reports on patch compliance

ZENworks Patch ManagementThe ZENworks capability, powered by PatchLink Update, that enables you to manage the software update and patch process across NetWare and Windows operating systems. ZENworks Patch Management allows you to

• Apply all required updates and patches to new installations to match corporate standards
• Patch all major vendors' software, including Novell, Microsoft, IBM, Adobe, Corel, Symantec, McAffee, WinZip, Citrix, and others
• Review detailed patch information to determine what patches are right for your organization
• Target specific machines to ensure that the correct machines get the correct patches, andschedule the update times
• Generate reports on patch compliance

A path name is made up of the name of a file object, preceded by optional directory container names and directory separators. All path names are relative to some starting base location, such as directory container file object, the root of a volume, etc. A fully qualified path name includes an NDS tree name or starts with a volume name.

Formerly known as a PCMCIA card, this credit card-sized device plugs into a PC card slot and enables the user to add computer peripherals such as modems, sound cards, CD-ROM drivers, or network connections. They are used primarily in portable computers, but can be used in desktop systems as well.

Peripheral Component InterconnectIntel standard (in practice almost always shortened to PCI) that specifies a computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard. These devices can take the form of integrated circuits fitted on the motherboard itself (called planar devices in the PCI specification) or expansion cards that fit in sockets.

Technology that allows a user to physically remove and insert industry-standard PCI devices (such as LAN adapters, disk controllers, or disk drives) without disrupting the operation of other devices in the system. This allows the same functionality to continue after replacing the device. Only individual slots are affected (the system does not need to be powered off to perform these functions). This technology requires both hardware and software that is PCI capable.

A menu utility that controls print jobs, print queues, print servers, and printers.

Primary Domain ControllerA Windows NT service that manages security for its local domain. Every domain has one PDC, which contains a database of usernames, passwords, and permissions.

portable document formatA document-encoding process developed by Adobe that maintains page layout, fonts, and graphics and can include many other features such as hyperlinks. Documents in the PDF format can be viewed, navigated, and printed from any computer regardless of the fonts or software programs used to create the original.

public data networkA network that provides data transmission services to the public; usually a public packet-switched or circuit-switched network.

Print Device SubsystemA Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS) server component used by the Novell printer gateway, first to retrieve printer-specific information by reading Page Description Language (PDL), and second, to store it in a database. The PDS is used when creating a Printer Agent to represent a printer that either is not connected directly to the network (a local or remote printer), or is directly connected to the network but either its manufacturer does not provide a proprietary NDPS gateway or it is running in PSERVER mode.

1. Processor Direct Slot2. Professional Development Series3. Public Domain SoftWare

protocol data unitA packet of data units in the IEEE 802.2 standard, consisting of data and control information that is exchanged between two nodes using a protocol.

Intel standard that specifies a computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard. These devices can take the form of integrated circuits fitted on the motherboard itself (called planar devices in the PCI specification) or expansion cards that fit in sockets.

A network node that uses local addresses for routing and, therefore, is not affected by changes in network addresses. It has no intermediate routing function, so it is dependent upon an intermediate or host node to provide certain network or boundary-function services.

In NetWare Link/SNA, a parameter that corresponds to control point name (CPNAME). CPNAME is an operand in a Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) definition statement coded with the network-qualified name of a control point (CP). A control point name consists of a network ID qualifier identifying the network to which the CP's node belongs and a unique name identifying the CP. Each APPN or low-entry networking (LEN) node has one control point name.

Practical Extraction and Report LanguageA general-purpose scripting language for creating scripts on the Web, popular because of its ease of use and availability on a wide range of platforms. Perl 5 supports regular expressions, run-time libraries, exception handling, data structures, and object-oriented features.

A continuously available communications path that connects two fixed end points. A PVC is similar to a leased line.

In ZENworks Desktop Management, part of the Windows Group policy. The persistent setting indicates that when the Group Polices are set, they remain set, even if a user happens to log in only to a workstation and not to the network.

An industry group organized in 1989 to promote standards for a credit card-size memory or I/O device (PC card) that would fit into a personal computer, usually a notebook or laptop computer.

ZENworks Personality MigrationThe ZENworks capability, powered by Miramar Desktop DNA, that enables you to migrate users' accounts, desktop settings, network settings, printer settings, applications, application settings, files, and folders to different workstations, or back up and restore these same workstation items.

The process of tailoring interactions between a Web application and its users. With information either previously obtained or provided in real time, the exchange between the parties is altered to fit a user's stated needs so that the interaction requires less time and delivers resources best suited to that user.

pretty good privacyA high-security encryption program for sending encrypted emails. PGP depends on public key cryptography for its effectiveness. Public key cryptography is a procedure in which users exchange "keys" to send secure documents to each other.

The OSI data-link layer address of a network device.

A storage device, such as a disk drive or tape drive, that data is written to and read from. A drive that is physically contained in or attached to a workstation is called a local drive.

The first of seven layers of the OSI model. The physical layer details the protocols that govern transmission media and signals.In X.25, the physical layer is the layer of the interface that defines the physical interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). It specifies the procedures used to establish, maintain, and release the physical connections or data circuits between network end points.

Any memory that can be physically addressed by the processor.

In Systems Network Architecture (SNA), a node that supports one or more logical units (LUs) and provides communications, data processing, or both.

The file system volume associated with a Volume object in NDS.

process ID or process identifier1. A number that uniquely identifies a process or service. 2. A number that identifies all packets belonging to a particular program file. Each file has a unique PID.

Packet Internet GroperA utility that forwards data packets to check the quality