SSS

Systems Application Architecture. An application architecture used to develop applications for the IBM SNA environment. Through Common User Access (CUA) architecture guidelines, Common Programming Interface (CPI) definitions, and Common Communications Support (CCS) protocols and conventions, SAA provides a basic structure for developing applications that are consistent across systems, including microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes.

Service Advertising Protocol. A protocol used by NLM programs to inform clients of a server's presence. Servers advertise their services, by both name and type, with SAP, allowing routers to create and maintain a database of current internetwork server information. This information goes to all nodes on an IPX network.

An NLM in SMS which a NetWare server uses to provide backup and restore capabilities. It is used to back up data across the network.

The mechanism for determining the best sequence for assigning resources to contending threads. Scheduling involves managing concurrently running threads, responding to requests for services, tracking the progress of threads, and allocating system resources (especially memory space and CPU time).

In NDS, the rules that define how the NDS tree is constructed. These rules define specific types of information that dictate the way information is stored in the NDS database.

See also the NDK: Novell eDirectory Schema Reference.

A set of attributes that specify the screen’s behavior. The supported screen attributes are listed as follows:

AUTO_DESTROY_SCREEN

DONT_CHECK_CTRL_CHARS

POP_UP_SCREEN

UNCOUPLED_CURSORS

Features that make it possible to manage the special features of the server’s logical screens. Some of these special features are the ability to create new screens with a variety of different attributes, manipulate screen cursors, specify which screen is to be used when screen I/O is performed, and so on.

Names for screens that can be specified in the linker directive file or by CreateScreen. The SCREENNAME directive option can be used to specify the "initial" screen name, the name of the first screen that is automatically created when the NLM™ application is loaded. If the SCREENNAME option is not specified, the NLM description specified in the FORMAT directive is used as the screen name. If the NLM creates other screens, the names of these screens are specified in CreateScreen using the screenName parameter.

Any number of threads can do output to a single screen at a time. All of the output functions in the NLM API will complete all of their output before an output function called from another thread is allowed to write to the screen. This means that in general, output from multiple threads is not scrambled together.

1. A program written in a scripting language.

2. A small program that is used to call other programs in a sequence.

A high-level programming, or command, language that is usually interpreted rather than compiled ahead of time. A scripting language is not a general-purpose programming language and is usually limited to specific functions used to direct the actions an application or system. Numerous scripting languages have been developed, including:

DOS batch files

JavaScript

macro languages for specific applications

Novell Script

Perl

Tcl

VBA

Small Computer Systems Interface. An industry standard that defines both hardware and software communications between a host computer and any peripheral devices (such as hard drives or tape backup systems). Computers and peripheral devices designed to meet SCSI specifications have a large degree of compatibility.

Files opened at the stream level (with fopen, fdopen, and freopen). Contrast with first-level files.

The SFT III server that is activated after the primary server is activated. The secondary server mirrors the primary server, provides split seeks, and acts as a router for the local network segments to which it is directly attached (if the primary server isn't attached to those segments). It cannot do any additional work because it uses all its CPU cycles to keep current its mirror of the primary server.

If the primary server fails, the secondary server becomes the primary server.

In time synchronization, a server that obtains the time from a single reference, primary, or reference time server and provides the time to client workstations.

SSL. The set of rules governing the exchange of information between two devices using a public key encryption system. SSL establishes and maintains secure communication between SSL-enabled servers and clients across the Internet.

An interprocess communication signal that indicates the status of a shared system resource, such as shared memory.

SPX. A NetWare protocol that enhances the IPX protocol by supervising data sent out across the network.

SPX verifies and acknowledges successful packet delivery to any network destination by requesting a verification form the destination that the data was received. The SPX verification must include a value that matches the value calculated from the data before transmission. By comparing these values, SPX ensures not only that the data packet arrived at the destination, but that it arrived intact.

A powerful computer running software that supplies network clients with services, such as file, print, communication, or application services. Examples of servers include:

Routing servers, which connect nodes and networks of similar architectures.

Gateway servers, which connect nodes and networks of different architectures by performing protocol conversions.

Terminal servers, print servers, disk servers, and file servers, which provide an interface between compatible peripheral devices on a LAN.

The monitor and keyboard where the network administrator views and controls server activity.

SSI. A set of commands, embedded in an HTML document, that are executed by the server for a Web site before the document is sent to the browser that requested the document.

SAP. A protocol used by NLM programs to inform clients of a server's presence. Servers advertise their services, by both name and type, with SAP, allowing routers to create and maintain a database of current internetwork server information. This information goes to all nodes on an IPX network.

SPI. The programming interface used to develop Windows drivers. The application is written using a WOSA supported interface (such as ODBC or MAPI) and the service provider (such as a database manager or print spooler) is written to the SPI for that service class.

A small, server-based routine written in Java.

A bindery property that contains multiple bindery objects. See also bindery and ITEM property.

Server variables that are controlled by using the SET command.

System Fault Tolerance. A means of protecting data by providing procedures that allow a network server to automatically recover from hardware failures. SFT protects data by providing data duplication on multiple storage devices; if one storage device fails, the data is available from another device.

There are three levels of SFT: Hot Fix, disk mirroring or duplexing, and server mirroring. Each level of redundancy (duplication) decreases the possibility of data loss.

SNMP. A TCP/IP protocol used for communicating between a network management console (SNMP Manager) and the devices the console manages. The protocol allows the SNMP Manager to gather information about the configuration and status of the TCP/IP protocol stacks of network nodes.

SOAP. A message-based protocol that uses XML to access services available on the Web. See also W3C.

SSO. A service which allows users to log in once and have access to multiple services or applications.

A condition of the suspension of the operation of a thread without terminating (block). A sleeping thread is temporarily suspended but remains in memory so that some event (such as an interrupt or call from another thread) can awaken it (restore operation). While a thread is sleeping, other threads can run. See also block and blocking.

SCSI. An industry standard that defines both hardware and software communications between a host computer and any peripheral devices (such as hard drives or tape backup systems). Computers and peripheral devices designed to meet SCSI specifications have a large degree of compatibility.

A plastic card with a built-in microprocessor and memory that is used primarily for identification. A smart card is more secure than a magnetic stripe card and can be programmed to self-destruct if a wrong password is entered too often. Currently smart cards are most often used for financial transactions.

symmetric multiprocessing. A system in which all processors can perform all tasks. At runtime, an algorithm assigns tasks to each processor as necessary to balance the work load. A symmetric multiprocessing system is the opposite of an asymmetric system, in which different processors are dedicated to different kinds of tasks.

Storage Management Services. Services that enable a user to back up or restore the NDS database, the file system, or an individual workstation's hard disk. The SMS architecture is independent of backup/restore hardware and the file system and provides an interface to all storage devices, including tape, optical, and jukebox.

Systems Network Architecture. A structure defining how computer equipment connects and communicates. SNA specifies the logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for transmitting information units by controlling the configuration and operation of networks. The SNA model includes the application, presentation, data flow control, transmission control, path control, data-link, and physical functional layers.

Simple Network Management Protocol. A TCP/IP protocol used for communicating between a network management console (SNMP Manager) and the devices the console manages. The protocol allows the SNMP Manager to gather information about the configuration and status of the TCP/IP protocol stacks of network nodes.

Simple Object Access Protocol. A message-based protocol that uses XML to access services available on the Web. See also W3C.

A software structure that acts as a communications endpoint.

In an IPX network, the part of an IPX internetwork address, within a network node, that represents the destination of an IPX packet. Some sockets are reserved by Novell for specific applications. For example, IPX delivers all NCP request packets to socket 451h.

Service Provider Interface. The programming interface used to develop Windows drivers. The application is written using a WOSA supported interface (such as ODBC or MAPI) and the service provider (such as a database manager or print spooler) is written to the SPI for that service class.

To loop through a section of code that tests a lock. This code repeatedly tests a lock until the lock is released.

A functions that loops until a specified event occurs (until the mutex variable is acquired).

Sequenced Packet Exchange. A NetWare protocol that enhances the IPX protocol by supervising data sent out across the network.

SPX verifies and acknowledges successful packet delivery to any network destination by requesting a verification form the destination that the data was received. The SPX verification must include a value that matches the value calculated from the data before transmission. By comparing these values, SPX ensures not only that the data packet arrived at the destination, but that it arrived intact.

Structured Query Language. A standard language used to communicate with a database application. Most database providers support SQL.

server-side include. A set of commands, embedded in an HTML document, that are executed by the server for a Web site before the document is sent to the browser that requested the document.

Secure Socket Layer. The set of rules governing the exchange of information between two devices using a public key encryption system. SSL establishes and maintains secure communication between SSL-enabled servers and clients across the Internet.

single sign-on. A service which allows users to log in once and have access to multiple services or applications.

The process of pushing all bytes, words, double words, and pointers onto the stack as 4-byte parameters. CLIB uses stack-based parameter passing.

A bindery object that is recorded in server memory and remains there until explicitly deleted. See also bindery and dynamic object.

SMS. Services that enable a user to back up or restore the NDS database, the file system, or an individual workstation's hard disk. The SMS architecture is independent of backup/restore hardware and the file system and provides an interface to all storage devices, including tape, optical, and jukebox.

The name given to a second-level file which has been opened for data transmission. When a stream is opened, a pointer to a FILE structure is returned. This pointer is used to reference the stream when other functions are subsequently invoked.

SQL. A standard language used to communicate with a database application. Most database providers support SQL.

Usually called "network administrator" in NetWare. The person responsible for setting up and maintaining the network. The network administrator has the Supervisor right to create and manage objects in the NDS tree.

Generally, this means the person who has a trustee assignment to the [Root] object of the NDS tree, which would include the Supervisor rights to the entire NDS tree. However, the specific part of the NDS tree where this person has rights can vary from network to network.

A Java toolkit used to develop GUIs. Swing is platform-independent and offers sophisticated capabilities. Swing is part of the Java Foundation Classes provided with the JDK.

SMP. A system in which all processors can perform all tasks. At runtime, an algorithm assigns tasks to each processor as necessary to balance the work load. A symmetric multiprocessing system is the opposite of an asymmetric system, in which different processors are dedicated to different kinds of tasks.

A coordination activities that allows threads to inform other threads that certain events have occurred (such as having reached a certain point in execution). Synchronization is used to ensure that threads access shared resources properly to avoid data corruption.

A point where the normally asynchronous execution of a thread is synchronized (that is, modifies variables used for synchronization) with the execution of others. For example, code accessing a data structure would have a synchronization point wherever it examines or modifies shared data.

Describes controlling the execution of two or more processes (threads) by using specific common events (usually common clock or timing signals).

Server console commands can be entered at the command line of the System Console Screen. This screen always remains open in the background.

SFT. A means of protecting data by providing procedures that allow a network server to automatically recover from hardware failures. SFT protects data by providing data duplication on multiple storage devices; if one storage device fails, the data is available from another device.

There are three levels of SFT: Hot Fix, disk mirroring or duplexing, and server mirroring. Each level of redundancy (duplication) decreases the possibility of data loss.

SAA. An application architecture used to develop applications for the IBM SNA environment. Through Common User Access (CUA) architecture guidelines, Common Programming Interface (CPI) definitions, and Common Communications Support (CCS) protocols and conventions, SAA provides a basic structure for developing applications that are consistent across systems, including microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes.

SNA. A structure defining how computer equipment connects and communicates. SNA specifies the logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for transmitting information units by controlling the configuration and operation of networks. The SNA model includes the application, presentation, data flow control, transmission control, path control, data-link, and physical functional layers.