This section describes how to create, delete, rename, mount, dismount, and repair NetWare volumes. It also includes procedures for adding volume segments and changing volume size.
In Novell Directory Services, each volume is also an object in the Directory. When you create a volume with INSTALL.NLM, it puts a Volume object in the same context as the NetWare Server object within the Directory tree. By default, INSTALL names the Volume object servername_volumename.
You can change the context of Volume objects and rename Volume objects with either the NETADMIN text utility or the NetWare Administrator graphical utility.
IMPORTANT: To rename or delete a volume, you must use INSTALL to rename or delete the volume on the server, and then use NETADMIN or NetWare Administrator to change the Volume object in the Directory.
With NetWare 4, you can create a new volume on any hard disk that has a NetWare 4 partition.
You use INSTALL to create volumes.
Your NetWare server can have from 1 to 64 NetWare volumes, depending on the needs of your users. NetWare requires only one volume, SYS:.
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD INSTALL <Enter >
From the Installation Options menu, choose Volume Options.
If any volumes exist, they are now listed.
Press <Insert>.
The Volume Disk Segment List is displayed.
Select any existing free space and press <Enter>.
Free space is any NetWare disk partition space to which no volume assignment has been made.
NOTE: By default, a new volume takes up all remaining free space of a NetWare disk partition when it is created. However, you can decrease the volume size to leave some free space on the partition for adding NetWare volumes in the future.
If no free space is available, you must add a new hard disk, or add magneto-optical disk storage, before you can create new volumes.
Type a new volume name in the box provided and press <Enter>.
The volume name can be up to 15 characters long (A through Z, 0 through 9, and underscore characters are allowed).
The newly created volume now appears in the Volume Disk Segment List.
If you want the new volume to use all of the free disk space, skip to Step 7. If not, continue with Step 6.
If you don't want the new volume to use all of the free disk space, do the following:
If you want the new volume to use all of the free disk space, either press <Esc> to continue with other volume tasks or press <F10> to save volume information to disk.
From the menu, choose Mount/Dismount an Existing Volume.
Choose Mount.
| For more information about | See |
|---|---|
Creating NetWare disk partitions |
|
Changing the size of a volume |
|
Adding a hard disk |
|
Adding magneto-optical disk storage |
By mounting a volume, you make its information available to network users. You can mount or dismount one or all volumes while the NetWare server is running.
You may want to leave rarely used volumes dismounted because each mounted volume takes up memory and reduces the memory available for file caching.
You can mount and dismount volumes in two ways:
NOTE: To mount CD-ROM volumes, use the CD command. For more information, see Using a CD-ROM as a NetWare Volume.
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD INSTALL
Select the volume you want to mount or dismount and press <Enter>.
The Volume Information screen is displayed.
Using the arrow keys, highlight the Status field.
Depending on the status of the volume, this field displays Mounted, Not Mounted, or New, not mounted.
If the status is New, not mounted, press <Esc> and then <F10> to save volume changes to disk before the volume can be mounted.
Press <Enter> to display a menu of available actions.
Depending on your situation, select either Mount or Dismount and press <Enter>.
NetWare mounts or dismounts your volume.
NOTE: If volumes fail to mount, you may not have enough RAM installed to accommodate the volume. For more information, see Assessing Server RAM.
WARNING: Deleting one volume segment deletes all existing data on the volume! You cannot delete only part of a volume.
This procedure tells you how to delete an entire volume.
If the volume you want to delete contains HCSS directories, unload the HCSS media. For information on unloading the media, see Reformatting Media.
Back up the data stored on the volume you want to delete.
Dismount the volume you want to delete.
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD INSTALL <Enter >
From the Installation Options menu, choose Volume Options and press <Enter>.
A list of existing volumes is displayed.
From the list of existing volumes, select the volume you want to delete and press <Delete>.
A warning similar to the following appears:
Volume volume_name may contain valuable data that will be lost if you confirm Yes in the box that follows this message and if you save volume changes on exit from the volumes list.<Press ENTER to continue>Press <Enter> if you want to continue.
When the Delete existing volume? prompt appears, select Yes and press <Enter>.
NOTE: Deleting volumes with INSTALL does not affect Volume objects. You must use NETADMIN or NetWare Administrator to delete Volume objects.
| For more information about | See |
|---|---|
HCSS volumes |
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Backing up a volume |
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Deleting NDS Volume objects |
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Using NWADMIN to delete a volume |
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Using the NetWare Administrator to delete a volume |
Dismount the volume you want to rename.
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD INSTALL <Enter >
From the Installation Options menu, choose Volume Options and press <Enter>.
All existing volumes are listed.
Select the volume whose name you want to change and press <Enter>.
The Volume Information screen is displayed.
Use the arrow keys to highlight the Name field, and press <Enter>.
Backspace to erase the old name; then type in a new name and press <Enter>.
IMPORTANT: Do not change the name of volume SYS: to another name. A volume called SYS: is mandatory.
Press <Esc> twice; then press <F10> to save the volume information.
If you have not dismounted the volume it is automatically dismounted now.
When prompted, answer Yes to mount the volume with the new name.
To set the Volume object name and context in Novell Directory Services, you are prompted to log in to the Directory.
After you log in, verify that the displayed context and Volume object name are correct.
NOTE: Renaming a volume with INSTALL creates a Volume object with the new name. It does not delete the Volume object with the old name.
Use NWADMIN or NETADMIN to delete the old Volume object from the Directory tree.
| For more information about | See |
|---|---|
Dismounting volumes |
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Using NWADMIN to delete the old Volume object |
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Using NETADMIN to delete the old Volume object |
By default, NetWare volumes support DOS naming conventions. To store non-DOS files (such as for Windows 95/98, Macintosh, OS/2, or UNIX files) on a NetWare volume, you must load the appropriate name space NLM program and add the name space support to that volume.
The following name space NLM programs are included with NetWare:
In addition, an FTAM name space module is available from third-party providers.
IMPORTANT: Each name space added to a volume requires additional server memory. If you add name space support to a volume and do not have enough memory, that volume cannot be mounted.
Use the following formula to calculate the additional memory required for each added name space on a non-DOS volume:
0.032 x volume_size (in MB)/block_size (in MB)
Round the result to the next highest megabyte.
For example, adding Macintosh name space to a 100MB volume with a block size of 4 KB would require 1 MB of additional memory, as shown:
0.032 x 100 MB / 4 = 0.8 MB
Load the appropriate name space NLM by typing
LOAD [path]name_space <Enter>
For example, to load the name space module for Macintosh support, type
LOAD MAC.NAM <Enter>
Add name space support to the volume by typing
ADD NAME SPACE name to volume_name <Enter>
Replace name with the name space NLM. Replace volume_name with the name of the volume that will store the non-DOS files.
For example, to add the Macintosh name space to the MACVOL volume, type
ADD NAME SPACE MAC TO MACVOL <Enter>
NOTE: You only need to add a name space to a volume once. You don't need to add it each time the server comes up. The name space module autoloads each time the server comes up.
To verify that the name space has been added, view a list of all added name spaces by typing
ADD NAME SPACE <Enter>
To see a list of current volumes and name spaces, type
VOLUME <Enter>
| For more information about | See |
|---|---|
ADD NAME SPACE command |
ADD NAME SPACE in Utilities Reference |
Name space |
Name space support in Concepts |
Once a name space is added to a volume, the name space can be removed either by deleting the volume and re-creating it or by using VREPAIR.
To use the VREPAIR method, see the next section, Repairing Volumes. To delete a volume, see Deleting Volumes.
Typically, you can't mount a volume if it has even minor damage. Occasionally, however, a damaged volume mounts, but causes errors in the process.
Use VREPAIR to correct volume problems or to remove name space entries from File Allocation Tables (FATs) and Directory Entry Tables (DETs).
You can run VREPAIR on a bad volume while other volumes are mounted. Following are typical instances when VREPAIR can help:
NOTE: Although VREPAIR can't fix hardware problems, VREPAIR can sometimes fix related volume damage.
If a volume fails to mount as the server is booting, VREPAIR loads automatically and attempts to repair the volume.
When VREPAIR autoloads, it uses the default options. If you want to use an alternate option, load VREPAIR manually and set the alternate option before running VREPAIR.
NOTE: If you don't want VREPAIR to automatically repair a volume that won't mount, use the Automatically Repair Bad Volumes SET parameter to change the default. (See SET in Utilities Reference.)
Example modules include V_MAC.NLM and V_LONG.NLM.
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD VREPAIR [volume name] [logfile name] <Enter>
(Optional) Replace volume name with the name of the volume to repair. If there is only one volume that is dismounted, you don't need to specify this parameter, since VREPAIR will attempt to repair that volume.
(Optional) If you want to save the error log, replace the logfile name with the name of the file you want VREPAIR to create. VREPAIR creates a log of errors it finds. VREPAIR displays the errors on screen and will write them to a file if you specify a filename.
When you load VREPAIR, an Options menu is displayed.
Accept the default options, or select alternate options, as appropriate.
The first time you try to repair a volume, accept the default options. If the default options fail to repair the volume, select alternate options.
To accept the default options, continue with Step 3.
To set alternate options at the Options menu, choose Set VRepair Options by typing
2 <Enter>
For more information on the options that are displayed, see VREPAIR in Utilities Reference.
To begin the repair process, choose Repair A Volume from the Options menu.
As the volume is being repaired, the server console screen displays a message indicating VREPAIR activity.
(Optional) Modify error log settings after the repair has started.
If VREPAIR finds many errors during the repair process, you might want to change some of the run-time error settings. To modify these settings after the repair has started, press <F1> to display the Current Error Settings menu.
When the repair is complete, answer Y when prompted to write repairs to the disk.
If VREPAIR has found errors, run VREPAIR again by repeating Steps 2 through 6. Repeat until VREPAIR finds no errors.
If you are unable to mount the volume after running VREPAIR a number of times, you must delete the volume, re-create the volume using INSTALL, and then restore the data from backups.
| For more information about | See |
|---|---|
Using VREPAIR |
VREPAIR in Utilities Reference |
Dismounting a volume |
|
Creating a volume |
|
Setting the Automatically Repair Bad Volume parameter |
SET in Utilities Reference |
Setting and viewing the console search path |
SEARCH in Utilities Reference |
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD INSTALL <Enter>
From the Installation Options menu choose Volume Options.
Press <Insert> or <F3 > to view existing volume segments.
Select a segment that has free space (no volume assignment) and press <Enter>.
NOTE: If no free space exists, you can't add a segment to a volume.
To add this segment to an existing volume, select Make This Segment Part of Another Volume and press <Enter>.
A list of existing volumes appears.
Select the volume you want to add this segment to, and press <Enter>.
Verify that the segment has been added in the Volume Disk Segment List. Then press <Esc>.
To save volume assignments to disk, press <F10>.
A volume can have multiple segments spanning multiple hard disks. This arrangement allows you to add a hard disk when you need to expand a given volume.
WARNING: You can add segments to a volume without destroying data, but removing any segment from a volume destroys all of the data on the volume.
Keep the following requirements in mind if you plan to expand volumes:
At the server console prompt, type
LOAD INSTALL <Enter>
From the Installation Options menu choose Volume Options.
All existing volumes are listed.
Press <Insert>.
The Volume Disk Segments List is displayed.
Select the volume segment to modify and press <Enter>.
The status of that segment is displayed.
From the status display, determine what kind of modification you can do:
You can increase the volume size by adding new segments. (See Adding a Segment to an Existing Volume.)
Type the new volume size in megabytes (or a fraction thereof) on the Disk Segment Parameters screen.
Press <Esc> twice; then press <F10> to save the settings.
CDROM allows the NetWare server to use a CD-ROM disc as a NetWare volume.
WARNING: Treat the CD-ROM as a read-only volume. Do not enable block suballocation or use file compression on the volume. These actions will corrupt the CD-ROM volume index data.
If you enable block suballocation or file compression by mistake, load the CDROM module, then use the CD command to rebuild the volume's index file. For command syntax, see CD in Utilities Reference or type CD HELP at the server console prompt.
NetWare 4 supports CD-ROMs that are mounted with the MAC and NFS name spaces.
The CDROM.NLM program supports High Sierra and ISO 9660 formats.
CDROM.NLM also supports HFS (Apple) file systems with an add-on module called HFSLFS.NLM, included with NetWare. To enable HFS support, load the HFSLFS module after loading CDROM.
To mount a CD-ROM disc as a NetWare volume, follow these steps.
NOTE: Some disk drivers consist of more than one file and some HBA devices require additional support modules for CD-ROM functionality. These files should accompany the HBA. For specific file requirements, consult your adapter documentation.
NetWare 4 includes the third-party HBA device drivers that are Novell- certified for NetWare 4. If the HBA is certified to support CD-ROM devices, the necessary support modules are also included with NetWare. You can copy these files during installation, or you can copy them from the NetWare distribution media using NWXTRACT. (For help, see NWXTRACT in Utilities Reference.)
At the server console prompt, load the disk driver by typing
LOAD [path]disk_driver <Enter>
Replace disk_driver with the name of the disk driver specified in the HBA documentation.
You may be prompted to supply command line values such as a port or slot number for the HBA. Consult your HBA documentation for this information.
For example, to load the disk driver for the Adaptec AHA-1522 SCSI HBA, type
LOAD [path]AHA1520.DSK <Enter>
LOAD [path]ASPICD.DSK <Enter>
Some files may be automatically loaded. In this example, ASPITRAN.DSK is automatically loaded when AHA1520.DSK is loaded.
If your disk driver autoloads the ASPITRAN.DSK driver, you need to load either one of the following: ASPICD.DSK or CDNASPI.DSK. In this example, we used ASPICD.DSK.
Load the NWPA.NLM (NetWare Peripheral Architecture) driver by typing
LOAD NWPA.NLM <Enter>
This is the device-independent software that interfaces with the Media Manager.
IMPORTANT: CDROM.NLM will not load unless the NWPA.NLM interface has been loaded.
Load CDROM.NLM by typing
LOAD CDROM <Enter>
NOTE: When a CD-ROM volume is being mounted or a CD-ROM disc is being changed, CD-ROM devices might be deactivated. Do not be alarmed. This deactivation occurs because device configuration information is being updated.
Mount the CD-ROM as a volume by typing
CD MOUNT [object number] | [volume name] [name space] [/option] <Enter>
NOTE: The object number is the Media Manager object number (hereafter called the object number).
Replace object number with the object number or replace volume name with the volume name of the CD-ROM disc. (You can use the CD DEVICE LIST or CD VOLUME LIST command to see the object numbers and volume names.)
If appropriate, add name space support for the volume by replacing name space with /MAC or /NFS name space, or use both name spaces.
If appropriate, replace option with any of the following
This allows information from the CD-ROM to be cached on the hard disk, providing faster recall. Of the three caching options, Direct Map caching provides the fastest performance, but information may not remain in the cache as long as with the other options. The number is the number of megabytes that will be used as a nonvolatile cache. This space is created on the volume that holds the current indexes. When using this option, be sure enough space is available on the selected index volume. This option cannot be used with any other cache option.
This allows information from the CD-ROM to be cached on the hard disk, providing faster recall. Of the three caching options, Set Associative caching provides a medium level of performance. The number is the number of megabytes that will be used as a nonvolatile cache. This space is created on the volume that holds the current indexes. When using this option, be sure enough space is available on the selected index volume. This option cannot be used with any other cache option.
This allows information from the CD-ROM to be cached on the hard disk, providing faster recall. Of the three caching options, Associative (LRU) caching provides slower performance, but information will remain in the cache longer than with the other options. The number is the number of megabytes that will be used as a nonvolatile cache. This space is created on the volume that holds the current indexes. When using this option, be sure enough space is available on the selected index volume. This option cannot be used with any other cache option.
For example, to mount the NetWare_41 CD-ROM, type
CD MOUNT NETWARE_41 <Enter>
NOTE: It may take several minutes to mount the volume, depending on the size of the CD-ROM and on the speed of your computer.
(Optional) To mount the CD-ROM as a NetWare volume each time the server comes up, do the following:
Edit your STARTUP.NCF file to add the disk driver.
For example:
LOAD [path]disk_driver
LOAD [path]ASPICD.DSK
LOAD [path] NWPA.NLM
If your disk driver autoloads the ASPITRAN.DSK driver, load either one of the following: ASPICD.DSK or CDNASPI.DSK. In this STARTUP.NCF file example, we used ASPICD.DSK.
Edit your AUTOEXEC.NCF by adding the following:
LOAD CDROM
CD MOUNT [object number] | [volume name] [name space] [option]
| For more information about | See |
|---|---|
Using the CD command |
CD in Utilities Reference, or type CD HELP at the console |
Using CDROM.NLM |
CDROM in Utilities Reference |
Editing .NCF files |
|
Novell-certified device drivers for NetWare 4 |
Call 1-800-NETWARE (1-800-638-9273) or 1-801-222-6000 |
Using the CD console commands associated with CDROM, you can do the following:
For information on command syntax and for examples of these procedures, see CD in Utilities Reference.
You can also type
CD HELP <Enter>
at the server console prompt to get information.