Novell Documentation: ZENworks 6.5 - TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

The TCP/IP suite of protocols is described in the following table.

TCP/IP Protocol	Description
ARP	Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol used by a host to determine the hardware address of another host. A TCP/IP system contains a table that maps IP addresses to the hardware addresses of the different hosts and routers on the internetwork. This table works in much the same way as a host table, translating an IP address to an Ethernet address. Unlike the host table, however, the ARP table is not usually maintained by you or your network administrator. The ARP protocol creates entries in this table as needed. If the hardware address of the destination is not found in your station's ARP table, a broadcast is sent to every host on the network requesting the address. If that host is up and supports the ARP protocol, it receives the broadcast from your station and responds by sending its hardware address back to your station. This address is then added to your station's ARP table.
IMAP	IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is a method of accessing electronic mail or bulletin board messages that are placed on a (possibly shared) mail server. It permits a "client" e-mail program to access remote message stores as if they were local.
BOOTP	BootStrap Protocol. This protocol allows a diskless workstation to determine its IP address and other information without using the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP).
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This protocol supplies hosts with configuration parameters, leases dynamically allocated IP addresses, and acts as an enhancement to BOOTP.
DNS	Domain Name System. The distributed naming service used on the Internet. DNS provides a computer's IP address if domain names exist for the computer.
FTP	File Transfer Protocol. TCP/IP application-layer protocol that supports file transfers.
HTTP	Hypertext Transfer Protocol. An application-layer protocol that Web browsers and Web servers use to communicate with each other.
ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol. A protocol that works with IP to provide routing efficiency and error information. ICMP is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Because IP is connectionless, it cannot detect anomalous internetwork conditions. ICMP works with IP to provide TCP or other upper-layer protocols with this information.
IGMP	Internet Group Management Protocol. A protocol used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to routers. The protocol is also used to query routers on memberships and to generate reports on group membership. Termination of group membership can be quickly reported using this protocol.
IP	Internet Protocol. A protocol that provides connectionless, nonguaranteed delivery of transport layer packets (also called transport protocol data units or TPDUs) across an internetwork. IP is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. IP can fragment TPDUs into smaller parts, if necessary, and then reassemble them at an intermediate station (usually a router) or at their destination host. Each TPDU or fragment is fitted with an IP header and transmitted as a packet by lower-layer protocols. IP moves datagrams through the internetwork, one hop at a time. If a TPDU fragment arrives at its destination out of order, IP reassembles the fragments, in sequence, at the destination.
LDAP	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. This protocol provides access to the x.500 Directory while not incurring the resource requirements of the Directory Access Protocol (DAP). LDAP is specifically targeted at simple management applications and browser applications that provide read/write interactive access to the x.500 Directory, and is intended to be a complement to the DAP itself.
NFS	The Network File System (NFS) protocol provides transparent remote access to shared files across networks. The NFS protocol is designed to be portable across different machines, operating systems, network architectures, and transport protocols. This portability is achieved through the use of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) primitives built on top of an eXternal Data Representation (XDR).
NTP	Network Time Protocol. A protocol used to synchronize timekeeping among a set of distributed time servers and clients. It is used to convey timekeeping information in a hierarchical method from servers to clients. It is also used to cross-check clocks and control errors due to equipment or propagation failures.
NWIP	Novell NetWare/IP. Allows total or partial replacement of the IPX transport subsystem with the industry-standard TCP/IP subsystem, in a Novell NetWare network. The following constitute the core components of the technology: Communication between the Novell NetWare/IP server and the Domain SAP/RIP Service (DSS) for - Retrieval of configuration parameters - Registration of SAP and RIP information - SAP/RIP database synchronization Synchronization of the Novell NetWare/IP server with the DSS database with respect to SAP/RIP information Communication between secondary DSS and primary DSS to synchronize the SAP/RIP database on the two servers
OSPF	Open Shortest Path First. A protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite is an interior gateway protocol algorithm and is proposed as a standard for the Internet. OSPF incorporates least-cost routing, multipath routing, load balancing, and efficient bandwidth utilization.
POP3	Post Office Protocol 3. A protocol used for interacting with a central mailbox server. It is a client/server protocol used to receive e-mail. The protocol holds the e-mail messages in the Internet server. Periodically, you can download the messages from the server.
RARP	Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite that is used to determine a software address based on a hardware address. This protocol is often used by diskless workstations during startup.
RIP	Routing Information Protocol. A protocol in the Novell NetWare protocol suite that automates the process of updating routing tables. Routing is the process of moving network packets between separate networks. With RIP, when one router learns about changes in its routes, it broadcasts this information to neighboring routers so they can update their routing tables. As a result of RIP, if a network component fails (such as a router or a phone line), the other network components can inform each other of alternate routes. When the faulty component is repaired, the network changes back to the previous condition.
SSL	SSL is an open, nonproprietary protocol. It has been submitted to the W3 Consortium (W3C) working group on security for consideration as a standard security approach for World Wide Web browsers and servers on the Internet.
SLP	Service Location Protocol. This protocol provides a scalable framework for the discovery and selection of network services. Using this protocol, computers using the Internet no longer need as many static configurations of network services for network-based applications.
SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The application layer protocol that e-mail clients and servers use to exchange e-mail messages with each other.
SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol. A protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite that enables you to monitor a network from a single network management station called an SNMP Manager. From an SNMP Manager, you can make inquiries to another network device called the SNMP Agent. The SNMP Agent can be a TCP/IP host, router, terminal server, or another SNMP Manager. The information you can request from an SNMP Agent is contained in the MIB of that TCP/IP host. RFC 1066 (Internet standard MIB) defines the types of objects that can be in an SNMP Agent MIB. These objects include network and hardware addresses, counters, and statistics, as well as routing and Address Resolution Protocol tables. Different vendors might not support all data types within their MIB or might include other information not defined within the RFC.
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol. This primary Internet transport protocol accepts messages of any length from an upper-layer protocol and provides full-duplex, acknowledged, connection-oriented, flow-controlled transport.
TELNET	Protocol in the TCP/IP suite that governs character-oriented terminal traffic.
TFTP	Trivial File Transfer Protocol. TCP/IP protocol commonly used for software downloads.
UDP	User Datagram Protocol. A protocol similar to TCP that provides connectionless, nonguaranteed transport services. UDP accepts and transports datagrams from an upper-layer protocol. Unburdened by the overhead of establishing and removing connections, controlling data flow, and performing other TCP functions, UDP usually provides a faster data conduit than TCP. For these reasons, and because it is easier to implement, UDP is the transport method of choice for many upper-layer protocols.